Author(s): SOOS, I., WHYTE, I., SZEKERES, D., NEMETH, ZS., BOROSAN, L., CSEPELA, Y., CSERNY, A., HAMAR, P., Institution: HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY OF SPORTS SCIENCE, Country: HUNGARY, Abstract-ID: 636

Introduction
“Black pedagogy” is a term that encompasses practices or behaviours identified in the pedagogical process that negatively affects the physical and mental health of young people (Hunyadine et al., 2006). This maltreatment can include physical, sexual, and mental abuse, or neglect. Any educational institution or sports club could, directly or indirectly, knowingly or unknowingly, promote black pedagogy, resulting in lasting negative consequences or feelings of grievance among young people. The aim of this study was to examine retrospectively cases of incidents and maltreatment recalled by university students from their time in primary or secondary schools.
Methods
A questionnaire was developed using data from a previous black pedagogy study (Hunyadine & Nadasi, 2014). Questions were included to identify the cause and categorisation of perceived black pedagogy incidents, the sexes and ages of perpetrators, the outcomes, and resolutions. Following ethical approval by the lead university’s Sports Science Ethics Committee, university students studying sport (n=149, aged 21.6 years, s=5.0, 72.5% male, 24.8% female, 2.7% not identified) voluntarily responded to the questionnaire. Data was descriptively analysed by IBM SPSS v. 29 software package.
Results
The most often mentioned incidents were forceful behaviour or aggression by a sports coach or physical education teacher in order to enhance performance (21.5%), punishment for perceived disrespectful behaviour (11.1%), favouritism or discrimination (7.4%), lack of empathy (4%), and punishment for perceived laziness (3.4%). Issues of sexual abuse were reported by 2 respondents (1.3%).
The sex of perpetrators was identified as being predominantly male (67.1% male, 16.8% female, and 8.1% both male and female). Perpetrators were mostly classified as being middle aged with 34.9% being between 41-50 years of age (30.2% aged 51 years or over, 18.2% aged 40 years or younger, 16.8% of perpetrators ages were unspecified).
Victims informed their friends, classmates, or teammates (36.3%) or parents (32.2%), who provided them with support. Nevertheless, 20.1% never mentioned it to anybody. The incidents were resolved in one of three ways: nothing changed, nothing happened (46.3%), young people changed teacher or coach, or moved school/ sports club (23.5%), the issue was resolved in favour of the victims, e.g. apologies (16.1%). No information regarding resolutions were provided by 8.7% of respondents.
Conclusion
With 69.8% having either no resolution or the victims being forced to move, the findings call for a number of interventions. Guidelines identifying appropriate and inappropriate behaviour, policies and procedures must be developed for schools/organisations and those who work with young people, alongside reporting strategies and possible sanctions. Secondly, they must be disseminated through formal education and training, including to the pupils.