Author(s): DENG, W., ROJO TIRADO, M.A., LING, J.Y., SU, R.H., TIAN, H., ZHAO, M.S., LI, D., LI, Y.J., YE, Q., Institution: LFE RESEARCH GROUP, Country: SPAIN, Abstract-ID: 1412

INTRODUCTION:
Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is a modifiable factor in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Recent studies indicated that regular LTPA reduced the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. There are established recommendations of 150–300 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week according to the World Health Organization and American Diabetes Association [1]. However, the relationships between specific LTPA amount and insulin resistance (IR) are still unclear.
METHODS:
Data from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), were analyzed (n=10,199, adults aged 48.2± 17.6 [20.0, 80.0], 49.7% male). LTPA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The LTPA was classified into four categories: (1) inactive 0 min/week, (2) insufficiently active 1 to 149 min/week, (3) sufficiently active 150 to 299 min/week, and 4) highly active ≥300 min/week [2]. IR was determined by the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) of ≥2.5 [3,4]. Diabetes was defined by either having a self-reported physician diagnosis or having a fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or more or an HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) level of 6.5% or more [5]. A weighted logistic regression model to investigate the correlations between LTPA and IR was performed. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to examine the dose-response relationship between LTPA and IR. All statistical analyses were survey-weighted and adjusted for covariates (i.e., gender, education level, occupation, income level, marital status, alcohol assumption, smoking, BMI, and chronic diseases). Data cleaning and analysis were performed using the R studio software 4.3.1, and P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS:
Type 2 Diabetes was present in 12.8% of the analyzed individuals: 13.5% of males and 12.2% of females. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants who were highly active (LTPA ≥300 min/week) had significantly lower odds of IR (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.90, p < 0.05) than those in the inactive group (0 min/week). Conversely, no significant difference was found between insufficiently active (1 to 149 min/week; OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.85-1.52) or sufficiently active group (150 to 299 min/week; OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.73-1.21) with the inactive group. Additionally, RCS regression showed that LTPA was related to IR in a non-linear manner (P for non-linearity = 0.014). Specifically, the risk of insulin resistance decreased as LTPA increased, reaching a plateau for LTPA at approximately 420 min/ week (2.8 times than the recommended 150 min/week).
CONCLUSION:
Results from the study highlight the importance of reaching a high level of LTPA (about 420 min/week) for maintaining insulin sensitivity and reducing diabetes risk.