Author(s): CHEN, C., CHEN, X., ZHAO, Y. , Institution: BEIJING SPORT UNIVERSITY, Country: CHINA, Abstract-ID: 1767

INTRODUCTION:
Obesity is associated with a range of clinical disease including hypertension, type Ⅱ diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is frequently accompanied by a chronic, systematic low-grade inflammatory state marked out by an increase in inflammatory biomarkers, and it has been proposed that these changes may be a link between enlarged adipose tissue mass and increased risk of clinical diseases. Therefore, it is obvious that to investigate how to effectively reduce these inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with overweight and obesity (IOO) is necessary. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on inflammatory biomarkers while considering potential confounders to explore the effective types of exercise to reduce chronic inflammation in IOO.
METHODS:
Five databases (Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO) were systematically searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2000 and August 2023 were included. Studies evaluating the effects of exercise intervention on inflammatory biomarkers in IOO were selected and performed a NMA.
RESULTS:
A total of 123 RCTs were included, of which 43 reported on leptin, 50 on adiponectin, 74 on C-reactive protein (CRP), 47 on interleukin-6 (IL-6), 45 on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and 17 on interleukin-10 (IL-10). It was observed that different exercise type yield distinct effects on different inflammatory biomarkers. Specifically, aerobic exercise combined with resistance training (COM) and aerobic exercise (AE) proved to be the most effective for improving leptin. AE exhibited the greatest effectiveness in reducing CRP and increasing adiponectin. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) was identified as the most effective exercise modality for ameliorate IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. Resistance training (RT) had the least effect compared to other exercise types. Subsequent meta-regression and subgroup analyses revealed that high-intensity AE demonstrated a greater effect size compared to moderate-intensity AE. The impact of AE on IL-10 was positively associated with both the training period and the age of participants. Positive correlations were observed between reductions in body fat and the effect sizes of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-10. Gender was associated with the effect size of AE on IL-6 and TNF-α, with females exhibiting greater responses to the interventions than males.
CONCLUSION:
The findings from this study highlight the potential of exercise in alleviating the inflammatory status in IOO, while distinct exercise modalities exhibit varied impacts on specific inflammatory biomarkers. A dose-response relationship was observed between the intensity and duration of exercise and the effect size of intervention. Changes in body composition correlated with the effectiveness of the intervention. Our result reveal that COM, AE, and HIIT emerge as viable exercise approaches, whereas RT is not recommended.