Author(s): ZHANG, A., YU, C., Institution: BEIJING SPORT UNIVERSITY, Country: CHINA, Abstract-ID: 699

Introduction
The rise of civic sports took place in both Chinese and European feudal cities, but they followed different paths. By comparing the two types of civic sports, this study tends to explores their differences and underlying reasons.
Methods
Utilizing the methods of literature review and historical comparative, this paper sorts out the different developing trends of civic sports in Chinese and European feudal societies.
Results
Although civic sports and their organizations emerged in feudal China and Europe, the developing trajectory of them differed largely.
Firstly, different relationships between civic sports and military led to different degree of confrontation of the bodies of the participators. Because the strong centralization of power in Chinas feudal society opposed the practice of martial arts among the people, Chinese civic sports emphasized the aesthetic effect of physical technology but not the intense of the physical actions. While in Europe, served both of the self-defense of the city and needs of entertainment of the citizens, civic sports pursued the competitiveness of proceed and the fairness of the results.
Secondly, different relationship between civic sports and education led to different historical trends. The civic sports was rejected by Chinese feudal education system which valued morality over physical movement, so that it could only develop along the traditional path with the rise and fall of the feudal economy. In the late medieval Europe, educators modified sports into education to cultivate "the whole people". Civic sports were standardized and scientific and got the foundation of modernization.
Lastly, different relationship between civic sports and royal power led to different social status. The feudal lord class in feudal China regarded civic sports as inferior peoples games and prohibited the nobles to participate. Civic sports in feudal European cities were protected by communes and guilds, even the king, and accepted by the bourgeoisie following the cities’ industrialization.
Conclusion
The feudal centralized system and the concept of "emphasizing intelligence over body" narrowed the survival space of civic sports in China and making it impossible to get rid of the traditional trajectory. While in feudal Europe, monarchy allied with the city, encouraged the development of civic sport and its economic base, which enabled civic sport to modernize with the citys industrialization.
Reference:
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5.Heather Swanson. Medieval British Towns. New York: St.Martin’s Press, Inc. 1999.