Author(s): GREN, A., KASZUBA, M.1, PIATKOWSKA, E.2, SADOWSKA-KREPA, E.1, FILIP-STACHNIK, A.1, Institution: AKADEMIA WYCHOWANIA FIZYCZNEGO IM. JERZEGO KUKUCZKI W KATOWICACH, Country: POLAND, Abstract-ID: 2457

INTRODUCTION:
In recent years, long-distance running has become a popular sport, while iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are common in long-distance runners. Although there has been a recent and rapid growth in understanding of the negative impact of ID and IDA on the health and physical performance of female runners, there is a lack of data about athletess knowledge in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, knowledge of long-distance runners about ID and IDA and their causes, prevention, and treatment.
METHODS:
A sample of 167 Polish amateur female long-distance runners completed a survey focused on dietary habits, knowledge of ID and IDA, prevention, and treatment practices.
RESULTS:
The occurrence of ID and IDA was reported by 60% and 38% of women, respectively. 19% of the subjects followed a vegetarian or vegan diet, and 52% of them reported ID or IDA. Women who reported IDA believed that iron was important in their diet in comparison to those without IDA (p < 0.02). There was a statistically significant correlation between lack of knowledge of the iron role (p < 0.009), iron sources (p < 0.001), iron absorption (p < 0.001), vegan or vegetarian diet (p < 0.009), weight loss practices (p < 0.016), and the occurrence of ID or IDA. 74% of the women did not know the difference between heme and non-heme iron, which influenced the wrong identification of their sources (p < 0.005). Only 37% of women who reported IDA correctly indicated the difference between heme and non-heme iron (p < 0.048).
CONCLUSION:
IDA and ID are important health issues among amateur female long-distance runners. Insufficient knowledge and nutrition practice among them may lead to ID or IDA, especially in vegans and vegetarians. Women who have experienced IDA present greater awareness of iron in their diet. These results highlight the need for education to ensure proper prevention practices and minimize the risk of ID and IDA among amateur female long-distance runners.