Author(s): DEAR, S., PUMMELL, E.K.L.1, AUGUSTUS, S.1, SWANN, N.2, MOIR, H.J.1, Institution: KINGSTON UNIVERSITY, Country: UNITED KINGDOM, Abstract-ID: 1452

INTRODUCTION:
Representation of female runners in mass participation events is growing (1) although when it comes to performance, male athletes still appear to dominate (2). Studies have highlighted certain sex differences in relation to physiological qualities such as VO2max and fat metabolism (3) yet there is limited understanding of the training habits, perspectives, and event participation of male and female runners. The aim of this study was to determine how male and female runners train, where they seek training information and their approach to race participation in terms of performance outcomes and key event attractors.
METHODS:
An online survey was cascaded to experienced runners (5km, <25minutes) between January 2022 and April 2022. The survey was comprised of 39 questions, and there were 335 responses analysed (163 females, 172 males). Participants reported competing over distances from 5km to ultramarathons (>42.4km). Data were analysed through descriptive statistics; Pearson Chi-square tests were performed to identify differences between the sexes and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine differences in training volumes/frequency of runners following a programme and those who were not.
RESULTS:
Both weekly running volume and running frequency were broadly similar for both groups (p>0.05) although males were more likely to complete >50km a week (56% males, 39% females) and run 5 times or more a week (55% males, 47% females). More male runners believed they had adequate time available to exercise (66% males, 52% females), work commitments were stated as the biggest barrier to participation for both sexes. Most runners obtained their training information from online sources, with 59% following a training plan. Running frequency, volume and injury rate were similar between those following a programme and those working independently. Speed was stated as the key performance marker runners wanted to improve. It was reported that guidance was lacking in respect to the female hormonal cycle and how this affects training. In relation to race participation, 162 runners enrolled in 1-5 events a year, only 25% of females and 30% of males enrolled in more than 10 events a year. Scenery and cost proved key attractors to event selection, for female runners’ enjoyment was the main performance objective, for men it was race time.
CONCLUSION:
Although no significant difference was detected in the training habits adopted by male and female runners it appears men invest more time in the sport and perceive fewer participation barriers, indicating scope to further reduce the performance gap between the sexes. Those hosting running events should be aware of what runners’ value and the outcomes that are important when attracting particular demographics. The study also highlights more accessible research relating to the menstrual cycle and menopause is required to support female participation.

1. Sierra et al. (2015), 2. Hallam & Amorim (2022), 3. Joyner (2017).