Author(s): ZHU, L., QUAN, J., CHEN, Z., Institution: GUANGZHOU SPORT UNIVERSITY, Country: CHINA, Abstract-ID: 725

INTRODUCTION:
Although the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive performance are well established, evidence regarding the optimal exercise types and doses for improving global cognition and executive function are lacking. This study aimed to determine the optimal exercise types and doses to enhance global cognition and executive function in older adults.
METHODS:
Five databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI) were systematically searched from inception through 7 December 2024. After screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were completed, a Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis and dose–response analysis were conducted using R (version 4.2.0). Exercise interventions were categorized as non-exercise control, aerobic exercise, resistance training, mind–body exercises, and sports games.
RESULTS:
A total of 58 studies were included, with a sample size of 4,236 participants. Participants were aged 57–86 years. Compared with other exercise types, resistance training was associated with the greatest improvements in global cognition (SMD = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.67–1.81) and cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.11–0.90). Aerobic exercise conferred the greatest benefit for memory performance (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.14–1.01) and significantly improved global cognition (SMD = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.72–1.48) and cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.09–0.48). No exercise type yielded a significant improvement in inhibitory control. The dose–response analysis suggested optimal doses of 900 and 1,134 MET-min/week for enhancing cognitive flexibility and global cognition, respectively, both exhibiting a positive linear relationship. The optimal dose for memory performance was 541.9 MET-min/week, which exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship.
CONCLUSION:
Resistance training appeared most effective for improving global cognition and cognitive flexibility, whereas aerobic exercise was optimal for enhancing memory performance in older adults. The corresponding optimal exercise doses were 900, 1,134, and 541.9 MET-min/week for cognitive flexibility, global cognition, and memory performance, respectively. In clinical practice, the physical activity guidelines recommending 600–1,200 MET-min/week can be followed, and resistance training, aerobic exercise, or their combination can be implemented to improve global cognition and executive function in older adults.