Author(s): DROZDOVSKA, S., HURENKO, O., ANDRIEIEVA, O., ORLENKO, V., PORADUN, Y., KOLIADA, A., Institution: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT OF UKRAINE, Country: UKRAINE, Abstract-ID: 619

INTRODUCTION:
Metabolic syndrome is a multicomponent pathophysiological condition that drives phenotypic variability and necessitates integrated corrective approaches aimed at restoring the coherence of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic regulation and maintaining neuroregulatory balance, while acknowledging the leading role of skeletal muscle activity as a physiological modulator of metabolic regulation.
METHODS:
The effects of 12-week health-oriented aerobic and resistance fitness programs on biochemical markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, parameters of autonomic regulation, and the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome were investigated in women with metabolic syndrome. Biochemical blood parameters were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Molecular analyses included real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for gut microbiota profiling.
RESULTS:
The 12-week resistance training intervention was characterized by a more pronounced effect on integrated markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance. In contrast, aerobic muscle work was associated with a more comprehensive favorable metabolic response: in addition to reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, a statistically significant decrease in triglyceride levels (p < 0.05) and a trend toward increased HDL cholesterol were observed. After 12 weeks of a resistance-based health-oriented fitness program, women with metabolic syndrome exhibited statistically significant remodeling of the phylum-level gut microbiome profile. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased by 18.4% (p = 0.0001), while Firmicutes decreased by 36.8% (p = 0.02), resulting in a 43.5% reduction in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.016). The proportion of other taxa declined by 26.8% (p = 0.007), whereas the relative abundance of Actinobacteria remained stable. In contrast, the 12-week aerobic training program did not induce pronounced phylum-level shifts; however, the emergence of Akkermansia muciniphila was detected in fecal samples.
CONCLUSION:
A comparison of the effects of two health-oriented fitness programs in women with metabolic syndrome demonstrated that personalization of non-pharmacological correction should be based on the dominant metabolic profile. When insulin resistance and impaired glycemic control predominate, greater emphasis on the resistance training component is warranted, whereas in cases of predominant atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia, an aerobic training focus appears more appropriate. Overall, the resistance-based fitness program elicited quantitatively pronounced phylum-level restructuring, whereas the aerobic program was associated primarily with qualitative, taxon-specific changes.