Author(s): LE VIENNESSE, C., SOURON, R., DORON, J., Institution: BWT ALPINE F1 TEAM, Country: UNITED KINGDOM, Abstract-ID: 559

INTRODUCTION:
High-level driving performance relies on multiple abilities, including advanced visual processing, strength capacities and decision-making skills (Baur et al., 2006; Lappi et al., 2022). Yet, the performance determinants in racing drivers have not been comprehensively characterised. Previous research has mainly focused on the demands of driving rather than on the skills contributing to performance, notably regarding physical, cognitive, and psychological factors (Reid et al., 2019). This study investigated whether executive functions [EF] (switching, updating, inhibition), force production (maximal voluntary contraction, rate of force development [RFD]), and individuals psychological characteristics (personality traits, coping strategies, sensation seeking, emotional competencies), were consistently associated with driving performance in highly skilled drivers.
METHODS:
Twenty-eight drivers (single-seater: n=12, karting: n=12, endurance: n=4) completed a standardised 2.5-h protocol. All participants followed the same fixed order. 30-min EF testing (Modified Flanker, N-back, Stop Signal Task) using OpenSesame. 30-min psychological assessment (NEO-FFI, Brief-COPE, BSSS-8, PEC) administered via LimeSurvey. 40-min force production testing in a controlled seated position using VALD dynamometers (Dynamo Max, Lite). 20-min driving simulator task, including 10-min familiarisation and 10-min time trial on the Red Bull Ring track, aiming for the fastest valid lap, which constituted the primary performance outcome. A Fanatec ClubSport DD+, Meca Cup V1 pedals, and a formula-style seat were used.
RESULTS:
Higher executive performances were significantly associated with faster lap times: switching (r = 0.522, p = .006), inhibition (r = 0.574, p = .002), and updating (r = 0.497, p = .008). For switching and inhibition tasks, performance was quantified using the Inverse Efficiency Score, integrating response speed and accuracy. After controlling for age, RFD was the main physical parameter associated with performance at both the steering wheel (r = 0.470, p = .006) and brake pedal (r = 0.716, p = .002). No significant relationships were observed between dispositional psychological constructs and performance (all p values > .055).
CONCLUSION:
Simulated driving performance in motorsport appears to be affected mainly by executive function and RFD. The lack of association between individual psychological characteristics and performance may reflect the acute nature of the task relative to the trait-level assessment of questionnaires. More in-depth investigation of these factors in a longer session, in conditions that more closely resemble on-track conditions, is needed in future research.