Author(s): ALWALEEDI, A., Institution: 0, Country: UNITED STATES, Abstract-ID: 2460

Background:
Ramadan fasting is associated with behavioral and lifestyle modifications that may influence physical activity (PA). Cultural environment, climate, occupational structure, and social norms may shape PA behaviors during Ramadan. However, cross-cultural comparisons of PA among individuals observing Ramadan fasting remain limited. The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity levels among individuals fasting during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia and the United States.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among adult Muslims fasting during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia and the United States. Physical activity behaviors were assessed using components of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Outcomes included time spent in vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), walking activity, and sedentary behavior. Between-country comparisons were performed using independent t-tests. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results:
A total of 1,101 participants were included (Saudi Arabia: n = 887; United States: n = 214). Participants residing in Saudi Arabia demonstrated significantly higher time spent in vigorous physical activity (28.6 ± 50.7 vs 14.1 ± 26.6 min/week, p < 0.001) and moderate physical activity (26.4 ± 44.4 vs 17.0 ± 30.8 min/week, p < 0.001) compared to participants in the United States. No significant differences were observed in walking activity between groups (p = 0.46). Sedentary time was significantly higher among participants residing in Saudi Arabia compared to the United States (129.2 ± 509.1 vs 45.3 ± 119.3 min/day, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Physical activity patterns during Ramadan differ across cultural contexts. Individuals fasting in Saudi Arabia reported higher physical activity levels but also higher sedentary time compared to those fasting in the United States. These findings highlight the importance of culturally tailored physical activity recommendations during Ramadan. Public health and exercise prescription strategies during Ramadan should consider cultural and environmental influences to support maintenance of physical activity levels during the month of fasting.