Author(s): WASKIEWICZ, Z., HEINRICH, A.2, HEIKKINEN, S.3, MUKHAMBET, Z.4, DE BOSSCHER, V.5, AKBAS, A.1, Institution: AWF KATOWICE, NIP PL 634-019-53-42, Country: POLAND, Abstract-ID: 2079

2Department of Sports Sciences, University of Konstanz, Germany
3School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
4Academy of Physical Education and Mass Sport, Astana, Kazakhstan
5Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Introduction: Youth sport dropout represents a persistent challenge for sport systems. Although psychological determinants such as motivation and burnout have been extensively studied, structural and socioeconomic factors remain underexplored, particularly in resource-intensive winter endurance disciplines such as biathlon. The study aimed to identify key determinants of sport discontinuation among young biathletes and to examine modifiable factors that may enhance retention.
Methods: Data were collected using the Athlete Disengagement Questionnaire (ADQ), which includes closed and open-ended items. Thirty-seven former biathletes from several International Biathlon Union federations completed the survey. A preliminary thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurring determinants of dropout.
Results: Dropout was associated with multiple interrelated factors extending beyond individual motivation. Financial constraints were the most frequently reported reasons, including insufficient funding, lack of scholarships or sponsorships, and uncertainty about future income. Life transitions—such as completion of education, relocation, employment, or family formation—also contributed to discontinuation. Health-related factors constituted another major domain, particularly injuries, accumulated physical strain, and limited access to rehabilitation or medical support. Psychological aspects, including burnout symptoms and reduced well-being, were additionally indicated. Organizational determinants emerged as a salient theme, especially perceived unfairness or limited transparency in national team selection and restricted access to competition opportunities. Across narratives, respondents described these determinants as cumulative rather than isolated, with financial insecurity amplifying stress during injuries and transitions, and organizational opacity reducing perceived career prospects. Several participants highlighted that timely communications, individualized planning, and clear criteria for support could have mitigated uncertainty at critical decision points in practice. When asked what could have prolonged their careers, respondents most often indicated greater financial security, transparent selection procedures, continued inclusion in national structures, and improved psychological and medical support.
Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that dropout in youth biathlon is influenced not only by psychological factors but also by structural, financial, health-related, and organizational conditions. Retention strategies should therefore integrate psychologicapsychological assistance with improved governance transparency and more stable financial pathways.