Author(s): NAKAGAICHI, M., SATO, M., UCHIDA, R., Institution: HELTH AND SPORTS SCIENCES, Country: JAPAN, Abstract-ID: 1738

Introduction
In Japan, rapid population aging and diversification of lifestyles have changed social conditions. The Third Basic Plan for Sport aims to increase the proportion of adults engaging in sport at least once a week to around 70 percent. Previous studies have mainly focused on "do" sports, that is, participation in exercise and physical activity, and their effects on health. In recent years, participation forms such as sport volunteering have attracted attention; however, limited research has examined the associations between indirect sport participation, such as "watch" and "support", and subjective health. Moreover, the comprehensive effects of multiple forms of sport participation on subjective health remain unclear.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationships between comprehensive sport participation, categorized as "do", "watch", and "support", and subjective health among community residents.
Methods
A postal questionnaire survey on exercise and sport was conducted from October to December 2024 among 2000 residents aged 18 years or older in Kanoya City, Japan. A total of 542 responses were returned. After excluding cases with missing values, 465 participants were retained. From these, individuals whose subjective health scores were more than plus or minus 0.5 SD from the mean were classified into a high group (n = 113) and a low group (n = 116), resulting in 229 participants for analysis. Chi square tests and Haberman residual analyses were conducted to examine group differences.
Results
The prevalence of regular exercise habits was 48 percent, sport watching 23 percent, and sport volunteering 9 percent, which were comparable to national survey data. Subjective health was significantly higher in men than in women. Participants with regular exercise habits showed significantly higher subjective health than non-participants. Similarly, those who engaged in sport watching or volunteering reported significantly higher subjective health compared with non-participants. Regarding combined participation, individuals engaging in two or more types of sport activities showed a significantly higher proportion of high subjective health, whereas those with no participation showed a significantly higher proportion of low subjective health.
Discussion＆Conclusion
All three forms of sport participation, "do", "watch", and "support", were positively associated with subjective health. In particular, engagement in two or more types of sport activities was significantly associated with higher subjective health. Promoting comprehensive participation in multiple forms of sport may contribute not only to individual well-being but also to community health promotion.