Scientific Programme

Biomechanics & Motor control

IS-BM07 - The aging brain in motor control and balance learning: from molecules to neurons and networks

Date: 02.07.2025, Time: 13:15 - 14:30, Session Room: Castello 1

Description

Age-related changes in motor functions manifest across multiple neuroscientific levels. Metabolically, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) reveals shifts in key neurochemicals such as declines in N-acetylaspartate glutamat and GABA, as well as increases in creatine+phosphocreatine and choline with the increases in aging. These changes can disrupt motor control and execution. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shows notable age-related decline in both gray and white matter. The motor cortex, but also other cortical and subcortical areas critical for initiating and refining movement—experience volume reduction and more subtle microstructural changes. These structural changes contribute directly to declines in mobility and balance often observed in older adults. Functionally, the brain adapts to these changes by reduced inhibitory processes and accompanied overactivation of motor areas. This loss of balance between excitation and inhibition impacts motor control of older adults contributing to a reduced physical function. Together, these metabolic, structural, and functional changes provide a comprehensive view of how aging impacts motor abilities. With this session we aim to cover a broad range of current research on age-related alteration in brain structure and function and how these changes are related to motor functioning. Finally, we will address how physical activity interventions can help to counteract these age-related declines in physical function.