ECSS Paris 2023: OP-SH06
In todays normalized epidemic and global economic recession, hosting the Olympic Games is of great significance for urban development. At the same time, significant changes in the mechanism of hosting the Olympics have also brought new opportunities for the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle to jointly host the Olympics. The article focuses on the phased characteristics of the real estate production mechanism during the Olympic Games and the 11 Olympic host sites from 1992 to 2032 as the research subjects to exploring the spatio-temoral evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the emergence of Olympic host sites through research methods such as geographic detector, and analyzing relevant strategies for the collaborative bidding of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. The results indicate that the center of gravity of the Olympic host city is moving towards the southeast, showing characteristics of east-west expansion and north-south contraction. At the same time, its spatial accessibility is weakening, and the gap between the east and west is gradually narrowing. And the emergence of Olympic host sites is influenced by various factors, among which the annual growth rate of GDP, inflow of foreign direct investment, number of international inbound tourists, and per capita annual carbon dioxide emissions are important factors that affect the emergence of Olympic host sites. Based on the results, a constructive strategy is proposed to increase the attraction of foreign investment, fully showcase the charm of the city, and enhance the international tourism awareness, while ensuring environmental quality. The communication strategy emphasizes that the economy of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is achieving high-quality development, and highlights that the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle always adheres to the concept of green development, Provide theoretical and practical support for the collaborative bidding of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle for the Olympic Games.
Read CV lifang YangECSS Paris 2023: OP-SH06
Background: The upcoming Olympics in Paris, Los Angeles, and Brisbane will be hosted in urban heat islands amidst rising global temperatures. Under these conditions, athletes will compete across multiple surfaces each potentially responding differently to heat. To date, most of the heat-related research has centred on soccer surfaces. The lack of empirical data beyond soccer on heat stored by, and emitted from, artificial sports surfaces highlight a potential limitation of existing heat policy. The aim of this study is to understand the thermal ergonomics of commonly used artificial sports surfaces. Methods: Five artificial sports surfaces of athletics, hockey, lawn bowls, soccer, and tennis were selected for this study. On-site weather data which included air temperature, relative humidity, wet bulb temperature and surface temperature were recorded during an Australian summer when air temperatures exceeded 20 °C. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was calculated to test the difference in surface temperature between surfaces. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted with dependent variables air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (Rh), wet bulb temperature (Tw) and two independent variables: field (factor) and surface temperature (Ts) (covariate), including an interaction between field and surface temperature. Results: A total of 1245 measurements were recorded across the five artificial sports surfaces over the 2020–2021 summer period. The lawn bowls turf was the hottest surface with a mean surface temperature of 54.4 (± 13.5) °C and highest maximum surface temperature of 80.3 °C. For every 1°C increase in surface temperature the on-site air temperature was predicted to rise on average by 0.16 °C at the athletics track and tennis court compared to a rise of 0.06 °C at the hockey field. Surface temperature had a significant effect on air temperature, relative humidity, and wet bulb temperature on all five surfaces. Discussion: There were significant differences in average surface temperatures measured in this study. Although, no previous study has presented this thermal behaviour of these specific surfaces together, similar effects have been observed in urban heat islands where different materials exhibit variations in thermal behaviour. The elevated surface temperatures, the fluctuations in air temperatures, relative humidity and wet bulb temperature above the hot artificial sports surfaces, and the direct effect of surface temperature on each of these variables can lead to unique micro-climates at each artificial surface. The findings highlight a limitation of current heat polices i.e., an inability to capture the thermal injury risk of these surfaces. An underestimation of heat stress risk would put the participating athletes at an unnecessary level of risk. The thermal ergonomics presented in this study demonstrate the need for heat policies to consider the heat stored and emitted by commonly used artificial sports surfaces.
Read CV Marlon Stanislaus GonsalvesECSS Paris 2023: OP-SH06
Introduction: Competition is an important component of sports. In recent years, various sports have been promoting competition reforms. This article focuses on the reform and development characteristics of the competitions in Olympic Games and Olympic Winter Games. Methods: The methods of literature review, expert interview, survey and observation have been used. Results: Competition reform is an important driving force for the sustainable development of the Olympic Games. In response to the requirements of the times, the International Olympic Committee has issued and implemented planning documents such as the Agenda 2020, New Form, and Agenda 2020+5. The relevant measures mainly involve the establishment of competition events, optimization of competition methods, and adjustment of qualification systems, etc. Firstly, the adjustment of events changes the structure of Olympic competitions and stimulate new development vitality. Based on the number of events set for the 2008 Beijing Olympics Games, the number of events in the past three Summer Olympics has increased by 8.94% (2024), 12.25% (2020), and 1.32% (2016). Based on the 2006 Olympic Winter Games, the number of events in the past three Winter Olympics increased by 29.76% (2022), 21.43% (2018), and 16.67% (2014). The number of events increased significantly in 2020 and 2014 Games. By setting up more competition events, the event structure of Olympic Games has been changed while providing athletes with more competitive opportunities and adding new competitive highlights to the Olympics. Secondly, optimizing competition methods may enrich the connotation of specialized sports. The essential difference between sports lies in the different ways athletes compete in competitions, which are mainly limited through the formulation of competition rules and the design of competition methods. In order to improve the excitement and attractiveness of competitions, managers of sports have revised and improved the specialized competition methods based on actual needs, mainly involving scoring methods, scoring standards, venue and equipment standards, etc. The specialized competition methods determine the competitive characteristics of sports and the competition scenes are more exciting and intense. Thirdly, the changes in the competition system affect the qualification for participation. In order to control the scale of Olympic events, the IOC and relevant IFs set the number of Olympic athletes (teams) based on the development level and setting of each event. The qualification system for each project determine the allocation principles, acquisition methods while the basic principle is to determine participation qualifications based on relevant important competition results. Conclusions: Competition reform is an important driving force for the sustained development of the Olympic Games. The event setting, competition methods, competition system and qualification system are the important focus points.
Read CV Gang XuECSS Paris 2023: OP-SH06