ECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN07
INTRODUCTION: Athletes report using cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating constituent of Cannabis sativa L., to enhance post-exercise recovery and manage other conditions (e.g., poor sleep, anxiety, concussion). However, whether CBD influences performance related outcomes, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the acute effects of two CBD doses on subjective and physiological responses to endurance exercise to better understand CBD’s practical utility within sport. METHODS: A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted at the University of Sydney between October 2022 and March 2024. Healthy males and females, aged 18 – 45 years, were eligible to participate if they reported running ≥40 km.week-1 and had not consumed cannabis/cannabinoids for ≥3 months. Participants received either placebo, 50 mg, or 300 mg CBD (oral; <0.01% THC) 1.5 hours prior to completing a 60-minute, submaximal intensity (~70% VO2max) treadmill run (RUN 1) followed by an incremental run to volitional exhaustion (RUN 2). Respiratory parameters, heart rate (HR) and subjective ratings (i.e., affective valence, enjoyment, perceived exertion, pain) were collected during RUN 1. Respiratory parameters, peak HR, and time to exhaustion (TTE) were collected during and at cessation of RUN 2. Capillary blood glucose and lactate concentrations were measured at cessation of RUN 1 and 2. Questionnaires assessing exercise enjoyment, state anxiety, mood and gastrointestinal comfort were administered at Baseline, Pre- and Post RUN 1, Post RUN 2 and 1h Post RUN 2. Venous blood was also collected at these timepoints to determine concentrations of cannabinoids and markers of muscle and gastrointestinal damage (i.e., creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Myo), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). RESULTS: Twenty-five participants (16 male; VO2max = 53.1±7.5mL.min.kg-1) were randomised and completed all three treatment sessions. Neither dose of CBD altered subjective responses during RUN 1, nor exercise enjoyment, mood or anxiety around RUN 1 or 2 (p’s>0.05). CBD had limited effects on physiology and performance, with HR, exercise efficiency (i.e., VO2), VO2peak and TTE unchanged relative to placebo (p’s>0.05). However, 300 mg CBD decreased the respiratory exchange ratio during RUN 1 (p=0.030) and 50 mg CBD increased blood glucose at cessation of RUN 2 (p=0.003), compared to placebo. There was no effect of either dose on CK and Myo (p’s>0.05) but a Treatment x Time x Sex interaction was identified for LPS, with post hoc analyses revealing higher concentrations in females Post RUN 2 on 50 mg (p=0.032), but not 300mg CBD (p=1.000), compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: CBD (50 mg, 300 mg; acute) does not appear to alter the subjective experience of submaximal intensity exercise, impact endurance performance (i.e., TTE) or have compelling effects on physiological responses to exercise. Acute use of CBD by athletes is therefore unlikely to be ergolytic or ergogenic at low to moderate doses.
Read CV Ayshe SahinovicECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN07
INTRODUCTION: In the previous study, the mechanisms of Pine bark extract (PBE) are in terms of antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory abilities, beneficial effects on blood circulation, and reinforcing activities on the extracellular matrix (1), thereby mitigating inflammation resulting from impaired antioxidant defenses (2). A human study demonstrated the potential of PBE in improving performance in triathlon athletes. However, it has not thoroughly investigated whether PBE could serve as an ergogenic aid for sports competition in athletes (3). Therefore, our study aimed to examine whether oral PBE supplementation could blunt oxidative stress, inflammation, and exercise-induced fatigue to promote endurance performance in young athletes. METHODS: Fourteen healthy male athletes (mean ± SD, aged 22.2 ± 0.97 years; BMI. 22.74.3 ± 0.86 kg/m2) participated in this single-blind crossover-designed study and were randomly instructed to either oral PBE supplementation (300 mg per day for 4 days) or placebo. On the experimental day, participants were supplemented PBE or placebo was combined with 70% VO2 max cycling for 60 minutes, followed by 3h of recovery. And then a subsequent single bout of cycling exercise with 75% VO2max to exhaustion. The cycling time was recorded, and the physiology parameters of gaseous and blood samples were measured regarding exercise-induced perturbation of energy substrate utilization, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A paired t-test was conducted to examine the participants differences in the cycling challenge performance. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare all blood samples. The α level was 0.05 to indicate a significant difference for all comparisons. RESULTS: The study findings significantly improved cycling endurance performance following 4-day PBE supplementation. (P < 0.05). Notably, the observed improvement in cycling endurance performance may be attributed to a lower RER and carbohydrate oxidation rate during the first exercise challenge (P < 0.05). However, PBE supplementation was not significantly attended to exercise-induced muscle damage (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), creatine kinase (CK), uric acid (UA); oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, SOD; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and inflammation biomarkers (Interleukin 6, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α). CONCLUSION: Our findings concluded that 4-day oral PBE supplementation enhances high-intensity cycling time to exhaustion. This may be partly due to the attenuated whole-body carbohydrate oxidation rate and spared glycogen depletion during the first exercise challenge. Therefore, PBE may be an effective ergogenic aid for enhancing high-intensity cycling performance among young adults.
Read CV Jung Piao TsaoECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN07
INTRODUCTION: Polyphenol-rich tart cherry (TC) supplementation was shown to enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) (Wangi et al. 2022). However, no studies have investigated the effects of different doses of TC supplementation on such recovery. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism(s) of action through which TC elicits these effects is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a low (L) and a high (H) polyphenol dose of TC juice on functional recovery from EIMD and to establish the molecular mechanisms of action. METHODS: Thirty-four active males consumed 500 mL TC juice (16.1 mg and 32.2 mg anthocyanins in the LTC and HTC juice) in the morning for 7 days prior to and 48h following exercise. Knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contractions, maximal isokinetic contractions, single leg jumps, and muscle soreness measures were assessed before, immediately, 24 and 48 h after exercise. Venous blood and vastus lateralis muscle samples were collected at each time point. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and phenolic acids were quantified. Macrophage and neutrophil numbers were quantified in muscle sections. Vastus lateralis samples from eight individuals who were randomised to receive the HTC juice or placebo for 10 days were used for tandem-mass-tagged muscle proteomics analysis. RESULTS: HTC supplementation increased plasma ferulic acid, isoferulic, vanillic acid, hippuric acid and hydroxybenzoic acid concentrations compared to PLA (p < 0.001). Seven-day HTC supplementation altered the balance of structural and contractile muscle proteins (CAMERA FDR < 0.0001 , Log2FC = 0.234 vs placebo). TC supplementation also increased expression of structural and contractile proteins following EIMD; this may be protective. TC supplementation also altered macrophage cell infiltration within the exercised muscle. This study found that TC did not enhance functional recovery. However, plasma hippuric acid was associated with skeletal muscle strength in this young healthy population (r = 0.56, p = 0.007). This association has previously only been shown in frail populations (Brunelli et al. 2021). CONCLUSION: These data provide important insights into the mediators of TC effects in skeletal muscle, and potential for therapeutic and training adaptation applications. Reference 1. Wangdi, J.T., OLeary, M.F., Kelly, V.G., Jackman, S.R., Tang, J.C., Dutton, J. and Bowtell, J.L., 2022. Tart cherry supplement enhances skeletal muscle glutathione peroxidase expression and functional recovery after muscle damage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(4), pp.609-621. 2. Brunelli, L., Davin, A., Sestito, G., Mimmi, M.C., De Simone, G., Balducci, C., Pansarasa, O., Forloni, G., Cereda, C., Pastorelli, R. and Guaita, A., 2021. Plasmatic hippuric acid as a hallmark of frailty in an Italian cohort: the mediation effect of fruit–vegetable intake. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 76(12), pp.2081-2089.
Read CV Vlad SabouECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN07