ECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06
INTRODUCTION: Endurance runners are at increased risk for bone stress injury, partly due to repeated prolonged running that can elevate bone resorption during and after exercise. Post-exercise nutrition may attenuate this ostensible catabolic response, and dietary protein is a key nutrient involved in bone remodeling. While protein, particularly when co-ingested with carbohydrate, may transiently blunt exercise-induced increases in biomarkers of bone resorption, the acute effects of post-exercise dietary protein ingestion versus a non-caloric control in female and male endurance runners remain unknown. METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blinded, repeated measures, crossover design, young female and male endurance runners (n=14) completed two matched trials of a time-to-exhaustion run at a fixed intensity (70% maximum oxygen consumption) and ingested either a (1) whey protein-rich beverage (0.5 g·kg−1 BM) or (2) water beverage immediately post-exercise. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24-hours post-exercise. Beta C-telopeptide (β-CTX), N-terminal propeptide of type-1 collagen (PINP), sclerostin (SOST), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), leptin, and osteocalcin were measured by immunosorbent assays. Changes in marker concentration after beverage intake relative to rest were assessed by a linear mixed effects model and sex, sequence, period, and baseline difference were included as covariates. Post hoc pairwise time-point comparisons used model-based estimated marginal means with adjusted p-values. RESULTS: There was no treatment by time effect for any measured biomarker. Adjusted serum β-CTX concentrations were lower at 24 h vs. 0h (immediately post-exercise) (ratio: 1.13, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.26); p = 0.01). There were significant effects for time for serum P1NP (p < 0.001), SOST (p < 0.0001), PTH (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.01), and osteocalcin (p < 0.001). A main effect of treatment was observed for IGF-1 and osteocalcin (both p < 0.01), indicating higher IGF-1 concentrations with protein and higher osteocalcin concentrations with control when averaged across the 24 h recovery period. CONCLUSION: Acute whey protein ingestion compared to a non-caloric control had no effect on serum β-CTX and other markers related to the bone metabolic response during the 24 h recovery period following exhaustive running exercise in endurance runners.
Read CV Silar GardyECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06
INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function (1), is associated with 'anabolic resistance', a reduced muscle protein synthesis response to an anabolic stimulus, such as protein intake (2). We hypothesize that, analogously to an OGTT for glucose, the metabolome response after protein ingestion is a measure of protein digestion speed and anabolic sensitivity, since a rapid rise in amino acids indicates rapid digestion, while fast clearance suggests high protein synthesis or anabolism. To test this, we compared the metabolome response to 20 g of whey protein in young individuals and in individuals with sarcopenia. METHODS: Twenty-three participants, including young healthy adults (n = 12; 25.4 ± 2.0 years) and (pre-)sarcopenic elderly (n = 11; 82.9 ± 6.2 years), received a 20 g bolus of whey protein after overnight fasting. We collected venous blood at 0, 60, and 120 minutes post-ingestion and analyzed blood plasma using LC/MS untargeted metabolomics with HILIC separation in both positive and negative ionisation modes. Following log₁₀ transformation, median normalisation and ComBat batch correction, we applied a mixed effect ANOVA (time × group) with Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction (q < 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 2,968 metabolites were detected, 201 of which were annotated. Data revealed no significant interaction (time x group) for any measured annotated metabolite (all ≈ 0.99), indicating that the kinetics of the whey protein response are similar across age groups. We identified significant time effects (q < 0.05) for a broad range of metabolites, including essential amino acids such as leucine (q < 10-10), valine (q = 5.06 x 10-6), and threonine (q = 6.15 x10-8), as well as various fatty acids (e.g., FA 16:1, q = 1.06 x 10-5). Significant group differences (q < 0.05) independent of protein intake were found in metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (q = 0.019), tryptophan (q = 0.0038), and N(6)-methyladenosine (q= 0.019), highlighting distinct baseline metabolic profiles in (pre)sarcopenic adults. Next, we will perform additional analyses to test whether the metabolome's response to protein ingestion reflects digestion speed and anabolic sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Ingestion of whey protein not only causes a transient rise of amino acids but also of other metabolites. Additional analyses will ascertain whether this can be utilized to estimate the anabolic sensitivity of an individual. Furthermore, this data shows that protein ingestion not only affects plasma amino acids but also other metabolites. References: 1 Cruz-Jentoft et al., Age Ageing, 2019 2 Aragon et al., Nutr Rev, 2023
Read CV Tim HaversECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06
INTRODUCTION: Pre-sleep protein supplementation can be a strategy of athletes to achieve daily protein requirements and to sustain amino acid supply during sleep. Among protein sources, casein has traditionally been regarded as the optimal choice for pre-sleep ingestion, in contrast, whey protein is rapidly digested, producing a faster but more transient aminoacidemia. Although whey and casein proteins have been directly compared with respect to overnight muscle protein synthesis, showing no differences between these milk protein fractions. Food intake before sleep can affect sleep quality, however, the effects of different milk protein fractions on sleep quality have not been directly compared. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, 9 young, healthy and resistance trained men (n=5) and women (n=4) (age: 24±2 y; BMI: 24.4±2.9 kg/m2) performed resistance exercise sessions on 3 occasions followed by ingestions of either 40 g of whey (WHEY), casein (CASEIN) protein, or an isocaloric maltodextrin control (CON) 30 min before bedtime. Sleep quality was assessed using actigraphy, heart rate variability (HRV) and a subjective sleep questionnaire. Gastrointestinal symptoms were monitored, exercise performance and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) were evaluated the next day. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR). Friedman tests were used to assess treatment differences between WHEY, CASEIN and CON, post-hoc comparisons were performed using Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Effect sizes were estimated using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W), with values of ~0.1, ~0.3, and ≥0.5 indicating small, moderate, and large effects, respectively. RESULTS: Pre-sleep whey protein ingestion improved sleep-onset latency (9.0 [8.0–11.0]; 16.0 [10.0–19.0]; 19.0 [15.0–27.0] min in WHEY, CASEIN, and CON, respectively; W=0.51), sleep efficiency (96% [96–98]; 96% [94–96]; 93% [91–96]; W=0.42), total sleep time (400 [374–404]; 390 [365–412]; 363 [358–412] min; W=0.42) and subjective sleep rating (8.0 [7.0–9.0]; 7.0 [5.0–7.0]; 6.0 [5.0–7.0]; W=0.81) compared to CON (all P<0.05) but not CASEIN (all P>0.05). WHEY led to a significant reduction in DOMS 12 and 24 h post-training when compared to CON (P<0.05; both W=0.64). There were no differences in HRV variables, gastrointestinal symptoms and exercise performance between treatments (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Pre-sleep whey protein ingestion may enhance sleep quality after resistance training and reduce muscle soreness without affecting gastrointestinal symptoms and exercise performance in healthy young adults. Future research should consider extending the supplementation period to examine long-term effects on performance.
Read CV Thorben AussiekerECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06