ECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06
INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to verify the effect of HMB (90 mgHMB/kgFat-free mass[FFM]) supplementation alone (SUP) and in combination with high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on resting (REST) and post-exercise (POST-EX) blood hematological and acid-base balance indices in trained (TR) and untrained (UTR) adult males. METHODS: The randomized double-blind placebo(PLA)-controlled parallel study was performed in 30 TR (28.6±9.4 yrs) and 30 UTR (33.9±8.0 yrs) males. After the baseline (BAS) visit, participants were randomized into HMB (TR_HMB, n = 15; UTR_HMB, n=15) or PLA (TR_PLA, n=15; UTR _PLA, n=15) supplementation. There were two 3-week periods: 1) SUP – ingestion of either HMB or PLA and performing usual training cycle (TR) or no training (UTR), and 2) SUP+FGB – ingestion of either HMB or PLA and implementing the additional exercise stimuli (TR and UTR; two Fight Gone Bad workouts per week). Blood samples were taken at REST and POST-EX (3 min after the incremental cycling test to exhaustion [ICT]). Hematological evaluation was performed using the hematology analyzer Mythic®18 (Orphée, Switzerland) and gasometric/acid-base balance evaluation using a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX, Radiometer, Denmark). The data were analyzed using RM ANOVA with training status and type of supplement as qualitative factors. RESULTS: There were no significant effects of training status x supplement type interactions across study visits for REST and POST-EX white blood cell and subset counts and percentage, red blood cell counts, concentration of hemoglobin, or other hematological indices. Similarly, no such effects were observed for blood pH, base excess [BE], anion gap [AG], or concentration of H+ and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Still, regardless of the type of supplement (HMB/PLA) or training status (TR/UTR), POST-EX pH (7.161±0.064 vs 7.184±0.062; p=0.005) and HCO3- concentration (15.6±2.1 vs 16.3±2.1 mmol/L; p=0.001) were significantly lower at SUP+FGB compared to BAS; while POST-EX H+ concentration (69.7±10.6 vs 66.1±9.5 mmol/L; p=0.006), absolute BE (-9.6±3.8 vs -8.5±4.1 mmol/L; p=0.015) and AG (22.5±3.5 vs 21.5±3.1; p=0.012) were significantly higher at SUP+FGB compared to BAS. There were no significant effects of training status x supplement type interaction across study visits for REST and POST-EX concentrations of lactate, glucose, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl-. There was a significant effect of training status x supplement type interaction for REST blood osmolality (OSM; p=0.028). Being TR and ingesting HMB was related to lower OSM. CONCLUSION: No association was found between HMB supplementation alone and combined with HIFT stimulation on REST and POST-EX blood hematological and acid-base balance indices in trained and untrained males. Furthermore, the observed POST-EX changes in acid-base balance at SUP+FGB treatment may result from a higher intensity during ICT efforts rather than the implemented HIFT stimulation. Study funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2018/31/D/NZ7/0080).
Read CV Małgorzata Marchelek-MyśliwiecECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06
INTRODUCTION: There has been growing interest in the effects of dietary collagen intake, with and without exercise, on joint pain, exercise recovery, body composition, sleep quality, and muscle and tendon function (1,2). However, the quantity of collagen intake in the diet of European adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate collagen intake in the habitual diets of Irish adults, and whether it differed by sex and/or age. METHODS: We conducted secondary analysis of the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey, which assessed typical dietary intake using a four-day semi-weighed food diary in 1,500 adults, aged 18-90 years. Participants were categorised into young (18-39 years, n=630), middle-aged (40-64 years, n=644), and older (≥65 years, n=226) adults. Collagen composition of food items was determined by applying a percentage collagen value from analytical sources, allowing computation of collagen mean daily intake (MDI), collagen MDI relative to body mass, and collagen/total protein MDI. Age and sex differences in intakes were analyzed using ANCOVA, with physical activity as a covariate due to its positive association with total protein intake in European adults (3). RESULTS: Collagen MDI for the entire population was 3.2±2.0 g∙day-1, representing just 3.6±1.9% total protein intake. Men had higher absolute and relative collagen MDI than women, regardless of age (4.0±2.1 g∙day-1 vs. 2.3±1.4 g∙day-1, p<0.001), and the collagen MDI as a proportion of total protein MDI was also higher in men (4.0±1.9%) than in women (3.4±1.8%, p<0.001). Furthermore, older adults had lower absolute collagen MDI than middle-aged adults (2.9±1.8 g∙day-1 vs. 3.3±2.0g∙day-1, p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Collagen intake in the Irish adult population was low relative to total protein intake and considerably lower than the 15-30 g doses of collagen necessary to enhance collagen synthesis in intervention studies (4). Women and older adults had particularly low intakes, suggesting they may benefit most from dietary strategies or supplementation to optimise the health and performance of collagen-rich tissues, although achieving effective doses through food alone may be challenging. 1. Bischof, K., et al. Impact of Collagen Peptide Supplementation in Combination with Long-Term Physical Training on Strength, Musculotendinous Remodeling, Functional Recovery, and Body Composition in Healthy Adults. Sports Med 54, 2865–2888, 2024. 2. Holwerda AM, and van Loon LJC. The impact of collagen protein ingestion on musculoskeletal connective tissue remodeling: a narrative review. Nut Rev 80: 1497-1514, 2022. 3. Lourida I et al. Association of daily physical activity and sedentary behaviour with protein intake patterns in older adults: a multi-study analysis across five countries. Nutrients 13: 2574, 2021 4. Nulty, CD et al. Hydrolyzed collagen supplementation prior to resistance exercise augments collagen synthesis in a dose-response manner in resistance-trained, middle-aged men. Am J Physiol. 327(5):668-677, 2024
Read CV Robert ErskineECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06
INTRODUCTION: Cow’s milk is rich in protein and considered a cheap, accessible food-first option for augmenting skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Several studies have also suggested that consuming cow’s milk after exercise can attenuate symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), such as delayed-onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and decrements in muscle function, likely due to the stimulatory effects of dietary protein on skeletal muscle remodelling. However, a growing number of individuals avoid consuming cow’s milk for ethical, health, or sustainability reasons. Soya drinks have a comparable macronutrient composition and therefore may be a promising plant-based alternative to cow’s milk. However, it remains unclear whether soya drinks have comparable effects on symptoms of EIMD to cow’s milk. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether protein-equivalent doses of soya drink or cow’s milk similarly affected EIMD symptoms after strenuous exercise. METHODS: In a randomised, double-blind, parallel groups design, 23 strength-trained individuals (16 M, 7 F; age 24±3 y; height 1.8±0.1 m; mass 77.3±13.3 kg) consumed cow’s milk (n=11) or a soya drink (n=12) after 100 drop jumps from a 60 cm platform. Doses (0.25g/kg/body mass of protein) were consumed immediately post-exercise and 30 mins prior to sleep on two consecutive days (4 total). Pre- (PRE), 24 h-post- (24H), and 48 h-post-exercise (48H), knee extensor maximum isometric voluntary force (MIVF), torque (MIVT), and rate of force development (RFD); countermovement jump height (CMJ); modified reactive strength index (RSIMOD); DOMS (0-200 mm VAS); and pressure pain threshold of the rectus femoris (PPTRF) and vastus lateralis (PPTVL) were measured. Mixed-model ANOVAs assessed group x time interactions (Bonferroni-adjusted for post-hoc tests). Data are presented as Δ percentage change from PRE, and mean±SD. RESULTS: MIVF, MIVT and RFD decreased post-exercise (P<0.001) but were not different between SOY and MILK (P≥0.193), decreasing by ≤19% and ≤25% at 24H, and remaining ≤16% and ≤15% below baseline at 48H, respectively. MIVF was reduced from PRE (803±226 N, 792±209 N) at both 24H (665±200 N, 793±667 N) and 48H (724±231 N, 678±223 N), in SOY and MILK, respectively. Similarly, CMJ and RSIMOD decreased in both groups at both post-exercise time-points (≥13%), but this was not different between groups (P≥0.284). DOMS, PPTVL, and PPTRF increased post-exercise, but this was not different between groups (P≥0.185). At 24H, DOMS increased from PRE (7±9 mm, 9±13 mm) by 158% and 163% (59±42 mm, 88±37 mm), and 150% and 159% at 48H (49±47, 78±44 mm), in SOY and MILK, respectively. CONCLUSION: Protein-matched doses of cow’s milk and soya drink did not differentially modulate muscle function or DOMS after strenuous exercise, suggesting that soya drinks and cow’s milk have comparable effects on symptoms of EIMD.
Read CV Emily HansellECSS Paris 2023: OP-PN06