ECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP44
INTRODUCTION: Exercise training load is determined by training volume, intensity and frequency. Training optimization requires training goal setting and programming [1]. However, endurance athletes are at risk to complete unspecific training loads, which refer to any training stimuli that does not elicit desired training responses. The aim of this study is to consider training quality to training programming. METHODS: Coaches attribute 80% of the entire training process to non-physical or barely investigated dimensions. The two most important reported criteria of successful physical training are having a detailed plan and an intact socio-emotional bond between athletes and coaches [2]. Studies have further shown that 70% of coaches would describe their training process as prioritized and no clear distinction between planning and periodization are made [3]. Training assessment mainly includes aims, activities, and assessment. In practice, the majority of endurance training groups employ a high volume of training ranging between 600 -1400 annual training hours [4]. 90% of the training time is attributed to aerobic endurance training with 80 to 90% low intensities. RESULTS: Coaches mainly utilize a pragmatic periodization model. Endurance training can be distinguished between polarized and unpolarized training. Polarized training is characterized by 80% of training sessions below the intensity of the first lactate threshold. It prevents autonomous dysfunction, high inflammatory responses, and prolonged recovery needs. Different training zones can be targeted by rate of perceived exertion, percentage of maximum heart rate or lactate thresholds. Training quality becomes increasingly important: The STQ scale assesses physical training objectives during training, technical training objectives, and mental and emotional engagement [5]. CONCLUSION: Training quality assessment during training programming includes planning, execution and debriefing. Recovery and debriefing are key tasks after a training session. Overall, exercise training is a complex arena with adjustments and assessments before, during and after training sessions to ensure high training quality. 1. Haugen, T., et al., Training Quality-An Unexplored Domain in Sport Science. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2023. 2. Anyadike-Danes, K., L. Donath, and J. Kiely, Coaches' Perceptions of Factors Driving Training Adaptation: An International Survey. Sports Med, 2023. 3. Anyadike-Danes, K., L. Donath, and J. Kiely, Coaches' Perceptions of Common Planning Concepts Within Training Theory: An International Survey. Sports Med Open, 2023. 4. Sandbakk, O., et al., The Evolution of World-Class Endurance Training: The Scientist's View on Current and Future Trends. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2023. 5. Shell, S.J., et al., Development and validity of the subjective training quality scale. Eur J Sport Sci, 2023.
Read CV Lars DonathECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP44
INTRODUCTION: The impact of coaching on university-level athletes is profound, influencing their development, satisfaction, and performance. Previous research has suggested that the Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES), focusing on sport knowledge, motivation, communication, and instruction, all measured by a 10-point Likert scale, could be used to indicate coaching effectiveness. Understanding these distinctions is vital for customizing coaching strategies to athletes' unique needs. The objective of the study was to compare players’ perceptions of coaching effectiveness between coaches with different years of coaching experience and coaches of different genders. METHODS: In a quantitative study design employing hierarchical linear models, data were collected from 166 university-level athletes (aged 18 to 25) and 19 coaches (aged 21 to 49) across multiple sports disciplines, including rugby union, football, rugby 7's, netball, and field hockey. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated no statistically significant disparities for perception of coaching effectiveness amongst different genders, however a small practical significant effect size (d =0.33) favored female coaches towards the motivation dimension, indicating a more positive perception of motivation-related coaching behaviors among female coaches. Furthermore, statistical and practical significant differences were found regarding game strategy and character-building indicating that coaches with less than 10 years of coaching experience are perceived to be better compared to coaches with more than 10 years of coaching experience. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the critical need and value of promoting gender equity in coaching roles to foster an inclusive, growth-oriented environment and the importance of continuous learning and skill refinement for all coaches.
Read CV Pieter Van den BergECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP44