ECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP13
INTRODUCTION: Current insights on the training demands within highly trained youth basketball academies are limited. Specifically, there remains a lack of detail on the specific physical demands and how they may differ between training blocks or playing positions. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the external training load of highly-trained male youth basketball players, based on training year, term, and playing position. METHODS: Data was collected from 41 male youth basketballers (age = 17.4±0.9 years, height = 203.2±8.3 cm, mass = 91.2±13.3 kg) over two academy seasons from all on-court coach-led training sessions using a commercially available Local Positioning System. The academy provides a fulltime residential basketball development program alongside academic commitments. Linear mixed-models and pairwise comparisons were used to analyse by training year (Y1, Y2, Y3), term (T1, T2, T3, T4) and playing position (Backcourt, Frontcourt) for a variety of external load metrics, with significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: Results showed no differences in external load metrics between training years. Significant differences existed between training terms, with total distance greater in both T3 and T4 than T1 and 2 (p<0.03). Total PlayerLoad was significantly greater in T4 than T1 (p<0.001) and 3 (p=0.004). Distance/min was greater in T2, T3 and T4 than T1 (p<0.01). PlayerLoad/min was higher in T4 than T1 and T2 (p<0.01). Backcourt players showed significantly greater distance/min (p=0.011), PlayerLoad/min (p=0.011) and deceleration counts (p<0.001). Overall, limited year-on-year change existed in external training load metrics (p>0.05), though volume (p<0.001) and intensity (p<0.001) differed between terms. Backcourt players completed higher-intensities (p=0.011) than Frontcourt players. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show limited changes in training volume and intensity between years. However, within-season analysis by training term showed significant differences for most training load metrics, indicating a seasonal periodisation of training. Overall, this suggests that this academy environment implements a structured training program within the year, likely related to maximising skill development training. Collectively, this study provides contemporary reference points for practitioners for the external training loads experienced within youth basketball development pathways.
Read CV Hugh FullagarECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP13
INTRODUCTION: Mental fatigue (MF) is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged high-intensity cognitive activity, which can be manifested as subjective feelings of fatigue and lack of energy(Marcora et al., 2009). Basketball is an open-skill sport with high cognitive, which requires cognitive decision-making swiftly according to external unexpected stimulus information(Morrison et al., 2022). Therefore, Understanding the relationship between MF and the athletic performance of basketball players is of great significance for their better training, competition, etc. Based on this, the study aimed to investigate the effects of MF on the reactive agility abilities (RAA) and coordination motor abilities (CMA) of adolescent female basketball players. METHODS: A randomized crossover controlled trial was used. A total of 31 adolescent female basketball players [age (14.78±1.37) years, height (176.74±6.71) cm, body mass (65.07±6.33) kg, BMI (20.81±1.46) kg/m2, training duration (37.00±20.30) months] participated in a 30-minute Stroop task (MF group) and a neutral video viewing task (control group), with a time interval of ≥48 hours. Participants RAA and CMA were tested after each task, and the MF status before and after the task and RPE during the motor ability test were recorded. RRA was tested using the Reactive Agility Test (RAT)(Sheppard et al., 2006), the evaluation of CMA is divided into four dimensions: spatial orientation ability, the rhythmisation of movements, kinaesthetic differentiation ability, balance ability(Machowska-Krupa & Cych, 2023). The data of participants athletic performance before and after MF intervention were compared. RESULTS: Paired sample tests showed that there was no significant difference in the RAT test results of adolescent female basketball players before MF intervention (T=2.563, SD=0.211) and after MF intervention (T=2.518, SD=0.200) (t=-0.777, p=0.444, 95% CI=-0.163～0.074). Among the four dimensions of motor coordination ability, visual-kinesthetic discrimination (control group: L=0.159, SD=0.184; intervention group: L=0.256, SD=0.208) and motor rhythm (control group: T=1.523, SD=0.319; intervention group: T=1.649, SD=0.348) were significantly affected by MF (visual-kinesthetic discrimination: t=2.957, p=0.007, 95% CI=0.029～0.165; motor rhythm: t=2.384, p=0.025, 95% CI=0.017～0.234). CONCLUSION: MF had no significant effect on the sensitivity of adolescent female basketball players but significantly affected visual-kinaesthetic differentiation ability and rhythmisation of movements in motor coordination ability, without significant effects on spatial directional ability and balance ability. In summary, athletes and coaches should reasonably view the impact of theoretical learning and other behaviors on athletes motor performance and adjust their cognitive activities before important games.
Read CV Mengyao ShiECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP13
INTRODUCTION: Making long-range shots from outside the arc is crucial to winning a game in 3x3 basketball because it results in twice as many points as a shot attempted from inside the arc. In traditional 5-on-5 basketball, it has been prevalent for about a decade to assess the performance of long-range shots by classifying the shots into two types, catch-and-shoot (CS) or pull-up (PU), depending on the process from the time the shooter receives the ball to its release. While studies analyzing shooting performance in 3x3 basketball are increasing [1-3], no studies have analyzed long-range shots in 3x3 basketball by classifying them into CS or PU. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proportion and success rates of CS and PU in 3x3 basketball games for men and women. METHODS: The number of successful and unsuccessful shots attempted from outside the arc were recorded separately for CS and PU while watching videos of 191 games from the 2019 3x3 World Cup. Chi-square tests were used to 1) compare the proportion of CS and PU attempts between men’s and women’s games, 2) compare the success rates of CS and PU respectively between men’s and women’s games, and 3) compare the success rates of CS and PU within the same sex. The significance level was maintained at 5% by the Benjamini & Hochberg method. RESULTS: The number of CS attempts exceeded the number of PU attempts in both men’s (717 vs. 478 [60.0% vs. 40.0%]) and women’s (586 vs. 372 [61.2% vs 38.8%]) games, with no sex difference in the proportion of CS and PU attempts (P = 0.61). While there was no sex difference in CS success rates (24.4% vs. 24.2%; P = 0.94), PU success rates were significantly higher in men’s (27.2%) than in women’s (17.7%) games (P = 0.005; effect size = 0.11). When success rates were compared within the same sex, there was no difference between CS (24.4%) and PU (27.2%) success rates in men’s games (P = 0.37), but the CS success rate (24.2%) was significantly higher than the PU success rate (17.7%) in women’s games (P = 0.04; effect size = 0.08). CONCLUSION: Analysis of long-range shots separately for CS and PU showed no difference in the proportion of attempts between men’s and women’s 3x3 games, but there was a difference in the success rate between men’s and women’s 3x3 games. The results suggest the need for sex-specific training and tactics in 3x3 basketball. 1. Erculj et al. (2020) 2. Boros et al. (2022) 3. Madarame (2023)
Read CV Haruhiko MadarameECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP13