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Scientific Programme

Applied Sports Sciences

OP-AP07 - Training and Testing / Power and Strength I

Date: 02.07.2024, Time: 12:00 - 13:15, Lecture room: M1

Description

Chair TBA

Chair

TBA
TBA
TBA

ECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP07

Speaker A Wei Li

Speaker A

Wei Li
Beijing Sport University, S&C shcool
China
"Effect of 8-week flywheel training on maximal horizontal deceleration performance"

INTRODUCTION: Success in most team sports matches is characteristized by the demand of repeated high intensity deceleration actions, which requires greater muscle strength qualities, especially eccentric strength [1]. Flywheel training has been considered as an effective method to develop these qualities as it allows eccentric overload throughout the movement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 8-week flywheel training on maximal horizontal deceleration performance. METHODS: Twenty elite football players were randomly assigned to experience group (EG), which performed squat using flywheel (4 sets x 7 maximal repetitions) or control group (CG), which performed equally loaded bask squat training (75% one-repetition maximum) using free weight. Both groups performed three sessions per week for 8 weeks. The maximal horizontal acceleration-deceleration ability (ADA) test [2] and isokinetic knee extensor eccentric strength were performed prior and post intervention. A repeated measures ANOVA with the post-hoc Tukey test was used to detect possible between-group differences. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated using partial eta-squared. The level for significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Following interventions, mean deceleration significantly increased by 14.2% (p=0.001, ES=0.372) in EG with no changes in CG. The peak deceleration showed the greatest changes, with increases of 18.2% and 6.1% in EG (p=0.001, ES=0.543) and CG (p=0.042, ES=0.275), respectively. The deceleration distance and maximal eccentric strength was reduced by 15.6% (p=0.001, ES=0.582), 19.2% (p=0.001, ES=0.672) in the EG, whereas a tendency of significant changes in deceleration distance was observed in CG (p=0.053, ES=0.256). No significant changes in eccentric strength in CG. CONCLUSION: The novel of this study was that flywheel training induced greater improvements in maximal deceleration performance than weight training. The biomechanical characteristics of horizontal deceleration maneuver involve high loading rates and impact force, both of which required greater eccentric strength. Thus, the increased eccentric strength following flywheel training may facilitate to generate more braking force within limited contact time to rapidly reduce the forward momentum, improving maximal deceleration performance. Therefore, this study suggests that flywheel training is an effective method of increasing maximal deceleration performance.

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ECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP07

Speaker B CHE-MIN CHEN

Speaker B

CHE-MIN CHEN
National Taiwan Sport University, 1Graduate institute of Athletics and Coaching Science; 2Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
Taiwan
"The effects of three contrast training sessions in a week on post-activation performance enhancement in high strength male"

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies indicated that the primary contributor of contrast training improving explosive performance might be the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) and further emphasizing to conduct plyometric training at the optimal PAPE time. However, its applicability in practical training is not yet clarified since the PAPE appeared to be influenced susceptibly by relative strength level, training protocol, fatigue, and etc. Thus, the purposes of this study were to: 1) examine the effects of three contrast training sessions in a week on individual and group’s PAPE and the optimal PAPE timepoint. 2) assess the intrasession reliability of the optimal PAPE timepoints. METHODS: Eighteen trained male (age, 23.2 ± 3.3 years; body mass, 73.5 ± 8.9 kg; parallel back squat 1-repetition maximum [1-RM], 154.7 ± 22.9 kg and relative parallel squat 1-RM, 2.11 ± 0.21 kg·kg-1) performed three contrast training sessions, which consists of three sets of three repetitions of parallel squats at 90% 1-RM in a week. Alongside this, countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were conducted before the first set of squats and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 minutes after each squat set, with the kinematic parameters of the parallel squats also being collected. Data analyzed using Cochrans Q test, repeated measures one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni, and coefficient of variation (CV). Statistical significance was set at α = .05. RESULTS: Sixteen participants experienced individual PAPE whose data was adopted in statistics. The occurrence percentage of individual PAPE at nine sets of contrast training was significant difference (12/16, 5/16, 1/16, 10/16, 9/16, 8/16, 7/16, 2/16 and 4/16; Cochrans Q test, p < .001). The intrasession CVs of the optimal PAPE timepoints in three contrast training sessions were 60.9%, 59.4% and 39.6%, respectively. No group’ PAPE was found at any sets of the three contrast training sessions. Concentric mean velocity of squat decreased at the second and third set compared with the first set in every contrast training session (P <.05), whereas the velocity loss of squat decreased at the second and third set compared to the first set only in the first and second training session (P <.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that the reliability of the optimal PAPE timepoints was inconsistent and varied with the numbers of set and training session, even absent. It was also suggested that the arrangement of plyometric training based on the PAPE during contrast training might not be practicality.

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ECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP07

Speaker C Björn  Kadlubowski

Speaker C

Björn Kadlubowski
University Vienna, Sport Science
Germany
"The influence of back squats in combination with reactive strength training or strength training of the plantar flexors on speed and jump performance in youth elite soccer players"

INTRODUCTION: Soccer, characterized by dynamic movements like sprinting, jumping, and directional changes, heavily relies on explosive actions for scoring goals [1]. One crucial factor in facilitating rapid force development during these actions is the stretch-shortening cycle [2]. Despite numerous studies investigating training interventions to enhance speed and jumping ability in soccer players, there is still a gap in our under-standing regarding the effectiveness of isolated plantarflexor muscle strength training [3]. This study aimed to compare the effects of combined training interventions incorporating back squats with either calf raises or plyometric training, on the linear sprint and jump performance of youth soccer players. METHODS: A longitudinal six-month training study was conducted with male youth soccer players (n = 89) from two elite youth training centers in Germany. Participants were divided into two intervention groups (PLY-BS, plyometric exercises + back squat; CR-BS, back squat + calf raises), and a control group (CG), which per-formed the conventional soccer-specific training only. Outcome measures included back squat and calf raise one-repetition maxima (1-RM), linear sprint times (5m, 10m, 30m) as well as the performance in countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 15cm, 30cm, 45cm, and 60cm. RESULTS: A mixed factorial ANOVA showed that 5m LS times were affected by time (p<0.001), with 1.8% reduction post-training. Group and time × group interaction effects were non-significant. For 10mLS, the effect of time (p=0.01) was significant. A statistical time × group interaction effect (F(2,78)=8.599,p<0.001,ηp2=0.181) showed that training-induced improvements were larger in CR-BS and PLY-BS than in CG Similarly, CMJ performance improved over time (p<0.005) and differed between groups (p<0.05). The significant time × group interaction (p<0.005) demonstrated that the improvements over time were greater in CR-BS and PLY-BS than in CG. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that implementing combined training interventions, which involve combining back squats with either calf raises or plyometric exercises, can significantly enhance sprint and jump perfor-mance among youth soccer players. This underscores the pivotal role of targeted strength and condition-ing measures in soccer training programs. Notably, for improving drop-jump performance, it appears that calf raises yield superior outcomes compared to plyometric training. References 1. Christou et al., (2006). Effects of resistance traning on the physical capacities of adolescent soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 20(4), S. 783-791. 2. De Ste Croix et al., (2017). Leg stiffness in female soccer players: Intersession reliability and the fatiguing effects of soccer-specific exercise. J Strength Cond Res, 31, S. 3052-3058. 3. Stolen et al., (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Journal of sports medicine, 35, S. 501-536.

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ECSS Paris 2023: OP-AP07