ECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH05
Introduction Sports-based club activities are popular in Japanese junior high and high schools, and it is reported that traditional authoritarian coaching still remains in some clubs and is traumatizing young students. The Japanese Ministry of Education and Sports recently started to offer training seminars for sports coaches as a means to eradicate abusive behavior during sports club activities. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that lead to coaches’ punishment behaviour including excessive reprimand and corporal punishment, which were to be used in our following study to develop a psychological measurement scale of abusive behaviour of school sports club coaches. Methods The subjects were 50 junior high and high school teachers in Japan who were also coaches in school sports clubs (male: 32, female: 18, mean age 41.5). From October to December 2023, they were asked to describe three circumstances in their sports coaching in free-style writing: 1) when they lost their temper, 2) when they became emotional towards athletes, and 3) when they could not control their anger. Those questions were presented with some examples of descriptions (e.g., “An athlete’s attitudes were disrespectful,” “I was overwhelmed with the workload,” “I had been irritated”) and it was made clear that similar answers to the different circumstances were acceptable. To classify their response, text-mining analysis and co-occurrence network analysis were conducted. Results The results of the collected text data analyses found five categorized groups of factors: 1) Athletes’ attitudes towards training and games (low motivation, lack of tenacity, and lack of passion), 2) Errors in athletes performance (simple errors, careless errors, and miscommunication among athletes), 3) Violation of club rules (arriving late or leaving early, not cleaning or tidying up after training, disrespectful behaviour among club members), 4) Lack of courtesy towards coaches (disrespectful attitudes towards coaches, lack of politeness and respectable wording, unclear greetings and replies), 5) Reluctance in training (neglecting basic repetitive training, neglecting independent training, lack of concentration during training). Discussion The results indicate that school sports club coaches think several student behaviours are triggers to their losing temper and anger control and becoming emotional. It must be true that there are numerous irritating moments with a group of adolescents; however, it should be noted that comparatively few of them recognized that their working conditions and psychological state might have had negative effects on their emotional control. Besides school sports club circumstances that are likely to have negative impact on coaches’ emotional control, coaches’ reflection on their own psychological state, or lack of it, will need to be examined in developing a psychological model to address excessive punishment behavior of sports coaches.
Read CV Yasuo SHIMIZUECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH05
Introduction There are approximately 300,000 competitive junior high school students playing soft tennis in intramural sports clubs (ISCs) at schools in Japan. In Japan, the transition of ISCs from school to community will begin in 2023, and the "Comprehensive Guidelines for School Club Activities and new Community Sports Club Activities" call for the construction of a new sports environment that meets the divers sports preferences and needs of junior high school students through the coordination of ISCs and community club activities (Sports Agency et al,2022). A coaching style that changes the balance between "instructional behavior" and "developmental behavior" according to the level of the players is recommended for coaching the youth generation (Zushi, 2017). Therefore, it is important to examine the challenges of coaching styles that approach the current ISCs instructors from a comprehensive perspective, including their interests, values, attitudes, and opinions about coaching, in order to secure and train appropriate instructors for future regional transitions. Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the coaching styles of ISCs instructors of junior high school soft tennis in Japan and their job status in ISCs. Methods A web-based survey was conducted on 14,725 junior high school soft tennis club instructors nationwide over a one-month period beginning in July 2023. The number of respondents was 1,162 (7.9% of response rate). The coaching style was measured using a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from "important" to "not important for 30 items. Results The highest mean values of the coaching style items were related to coaching ideals, such as "developing leadership skills as a sports coach", while the lowest mean values were related to athletic ability, such as developing mental strength that can be demonstrated in a game. Next, an exploratory factor analysis using the main factor method and varimax rotation was conducted to clarify the factor structure. As a result, five factors were extracted and named as factor 1 "Leadership ideal ", factor 2 "Educational effect", factor 3 "Integrity", factor 4 "Lifelong sports", and factor 5 " Competitive ability". To verify the relationship between each status, we conducted at-test of the scores of each factor between "school faculty advisor" and "outside instructors". The results showed that the mean scores of factors 1, factor 3, factor 4, and factor 5 were significantly higher for the outside instructors than for the school faculty advisors (P<.001). Conclusion In coaching ISCs, school faculty advisors tended to emphasize "educational effects," while outside instructors were more likely to emphasize "leadership ideal", "integrity", "lifelong sports" and "athletic ability. References Japan Sports Agency, Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan (2022) Comprehensive guidelines for school club activities and new regional club activities. Zushi K (2017) Coaching model and the content of general coaching studies that should be conducted in physical education colleges, Journal of Coaching Studies, Vol. 30, Extra Issue: 137-140.
Read CV KOMINE SHUJIECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH05
Introduction Chinas competitive sports reserve talents have experienced transformation from the "nation-wide system" to the "combination of sports and education", and then to the "integration of sports and education" model. This research is to discuss the social influencing factors of the shortage of reserve talents for mens competitive basketball in China as well as constructing the training model of Chinese mens competitive basketball. Methods 29 basketball coaches and sports journalist took part in semi-structured face-to-face interviews and conducting focus group interviews with 80 parents of competitive basketball reserve talents, 60 middle school and college basketball reserve talents. These samples are well representative of respondents from 6 provinces with different levels of economic and social development, high-level coaches who practice basketball at least 10 years, high-level basketball journalists and parents who support their childrens participation in basketball training. Using three-level decoding method and combines with "generic analysis" to analyze data. Trustworthiness was ensured through several processes (i.e. Credibility-triangulation method, prolonged engagement; Transferability-collecting the opinions in regions with different levels of economic and social development; Reliability-thick description; Confirmability-reflexivity.) Results The shortage of reserve talents in Chinese men’s competitive is affected by three factors: the body culture tradition of Chinese civilization; the difficulty of achieving class mobility for high-level reserve talents; parents with different working professions have different reasons for supporting their children in basketball training. Discussion The new Chinese mens competitive basketball reserve talent training model includes: 1.The training path based on school. (1) Give full play to the fundamental role of physical education in primary and secondary schools in talent cultivation. (2)The reform plan to integrate sports and education in primary and secondary schools,including:coach hiring,talent selection model,training model. (3)The reform plan of training college competitive basketball reserve talents,including:integration sports colleges and professional/provincial youth teams,university establishes high-level competitive basketball team independently . 2.The training path based on competition. (1) Competition is a lever for the development of competitive sports. (2) Exploring the feasibility of implementing "league competition system" at the university level. (3) Using the media rationally to enhance the communication and influence of competitions in various systems and academic stages. 3.The training path supported by the market. (1) Integrating schools and enterprises. (2) Integrating schools and sports venues. 4.The training path supplemented by society. (1) Integrating schools and basketball association. (2) Integrating schools and families.
Read CV Yu LeiECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH05