ECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH01
Introduction: It is well-established that adult aging generally brings declines in hearing ability. Although age-related decreases in sensitivity are common, older adults often report difficulty following conversations in noisy environments. Despite decades of interest in understanding why some listeners struggle to understand speech in noise more than others, answers remain elusive. Prior work suggests that communicating in noisy environments requires the upregulation of executive functions. Given the rich literature supporting the benefits of physical activity for executive functions, we hypothesized that spending time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) would be beneficial for hearing health. Method: Participants (N=95,259; 55.9% female) in the UK Biobank dataset wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed questionnaires. Derived accelerometer data came from a machine-learning model classifying movement behaviors as time spent in sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and MVPA. Participants also answered two questions about their hearing status: “Do you have any difficulty with your hearing?” and “Do you find it difficult to follow a conversation if there is background noise (such as TV, radio, children playing)?” We grouped participants into whether they spent at least 150 minutes (>1.49% of their week) in MVPA or not (i.e., < 1.49% of their week) and transformed their answers into binary variables by only taking participants who responded “yes” or “no”. We then ran logistic regressions to determine if spending at least 150 minutes in MVPA decreases the likelihood of reporting a hearing problem or a problem with speech in noise. Results: Spending at least 150 minutes in MVPA was a significant predictor of hearing outcomes for both questions. Meeting this criterion was associated with a 7.6% reduction in the odds of reporting a hearing problem and a 5.3% reduction in the odds of reporting difficulty with speech in noise. Discussion: These findings show that meeting the World Health Organization’s recommended physical activity guidelines for adults (at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week) is associated with a significantly reduced likelihood of reporting a hearing or speech in noise problem. These findings suggest that physical activity may be a protective factor in age-related hearing loss and speech in noise comprehension decline. The answer to improving adversity with degraded speech may not lie in another product or advancement in technology but rather in the simplicity of a lifestyle change. Targeting physical activity as a non-invasive and low-cost intervention may make the common issue of hearing loss that comes with age less imminent.
Read CV Bridget CareyECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH01
The rise of affectivism led the exercise psychology field to a new era where the experience of pleasure gained more importance in explaining the underlying mechanisms for physical exercise appraisal and adherence. Recent findings showed that the retrospective pleasure of an exercise session is modulated by the mismatch between the ratings of anticipated and experienced levels of perceived exertion, defined as the prediction error of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). This new marker is based not only on the retrospective ratings of RPE but also on a novel aspect, prospective thinking, that is humans ability to imagine in a future scenario. Two measurement points of RPE assess the prediction error of RPE as the prospective RPE ("What intensity of exertion do you expect to feel during this session?”) and the retrospective RPE ( “What intensity of exertion did you feel during this session?”). A positive prediction error of RPE (lower score of retrospective RPE than prospective RPE) is associated with higher pleasure. In contrast, a negative prediction error of RPE (higher score of retrospective RPE than prospective RPE) is linked with lower pleasure (“What intensity of pleasure did you feel during this session?”). Hence, the hedonic value of a physical exercise session can be explained by a better-than-expected experience. To understand the conditions impacting this new marker, therefore, the pleasure in physical exercise, the current research aimed to better characterize the dynamic of the prediction error of RPE as the familiarity with the exercise trail increases. The research question was whether the impact of the prediction error of RPE on pleasure is modulated by the degree of familiarity with a running route. As individuals run on the same trail for 4 times, they might get familiar with the trail across time (run 1,2,3,4), and they are expected to become more accurate in their anticipation of the level of physical exertion. Thus, as familiarity increases across runs, the impact of the prediction error of RPE on running pleasure will decrease. It was hypothesized that (i) the mismatch between prospective and retrospective RPE (i.e., prediction error of RPE) will decrease across the running sessions, and thereby (ii) the impact of the prediction error of RPE on running pleasure will decrease across the repetition of the running sessions. Participants (N = 50) ran four times on the same running trail in a forest near the university campus in Belgium. For the preliminary analyses, a linear mixed model was run. Initial results with the not-yet-complete sample showed a significant difference in the prediction error between run 1 and run 2, and run 1 and run 3. Pleasure did not significantly change across runs. The influence of covariates and how prediction error of RPE affects pleasure and its potential to enhance adherence to physical exercise is discussed in detail. For all the details, see preregistration (https://osf.io/x5qj).
Read CV Irem Tugce OZECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH01
INTRODUCTION: Creativity enhances cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, and emotional resilience, while fostering self-expression and reducing stress. However, fitness programs often overlooked the development of motor creativity and expressive practices. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an 18-week structured Creative Dance program on the well-being and creativity of adults, comparing it to the effects of a music-based fitness program. METHODS: A longitudinal mixed-methods experimental design was employed. 71 adults (age: 51.5±5.6) were assigned to three groups: (A) Creative Dance, (B) Music-based fitness program, and (C) a Control group with no intervention. The study collected quantitative data using standardized creativity questionnaires: Emotional Creativity Scale (CES) [1], Movement Creative Self-Efficacy Scale (CAS) [2], and Runco Ideation Behavior Scale (RIBS) [3]; a specific motor test of creativity in dance; and qualitative data provided by semi-structured interviews, which were thematically analyzed using NVivo Software. RESULTS: A linear mixed-effects model was estimated to examine the effects of group (A, B and C) and time (pre-post and retention, assessed three months after the intervention). Significant Group×Time interactions were observed for CES (F(4,148)=3.78, p=.006), RIBS total (F(4,136) = 3.78,p=.006), RIBS - Factor 1 (F(4,136)=3.63, p=.008), and all the components of the specific creativity dance test (p<.001). Subsequent post hoc analysis showed a significant increase of Group A in Creative emotional expression in the posttest (M=146.44, 24.83 to 268.04, p<.05) and a further increase in retention (M=164.26, 95%CI = 42.66 to 285.87, p<.01); in ideation and idea generation in retention (M=4.74, 95%CI = 0.93 to 8.55, p<.05); and in all the components of creativity of the specific test (p<.001). Group B and Group C showed no significant changes in the posttest or retention, except for a significant decline in RIBS in group C in the retention test (M=-5.32, 95%CI = -9.49 to -1.15, p< .05), and a slight decrease in variety of movements during retention (M=-0.48, 95%CI = -0.88 to -0.08, p<.05) and aesthetic interest (M = -0.64, 95%CI = -1.05 to -0.23, p < .01) in the specific test. Considering the qualitative analysis, participants highlighted motivation and adherence, emphasizing group cohesion and the facilitator’s role. Group A reported improved coordination, fluency, and self-expression, while Group B noted gains in strength, endurance, and routine adherence. CONCLUSION: The Creative Dance Program significantly improved creative self-efficacy, ideation, dance creativity, and overall well-being, surpassing the benefits of traditional exercise. These findings underscore the importance of integrating creativity into physical activity to support psychological and motor development in middle-aged adults. [1] Soroa et al., Creat Res J, 2015 [2] Elisondo, J Creat Behav, 2021 [3] Fonseca-Pedrero et al., Anx Strees, 2010
Read CV Cristina Calvo EstelrichECSS Paris 2023: CP-SH01