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Scientific Programme

Physiology & Nutrition

CP-PN01 - Nutrition I

Date: 03.07.2024, Time: 16:30 - 17:30, Lecture room: Gala

Description

Chair TBA

Chair

TBA
TBA
TBA

ECSS Paris 2023: CP-PN01

Speaker A Wesley Hermans

Speaker A

Wesley Hermans
Maastricht University, Human Biology
Netherlands
"Ingestion of a single bolus of mealworm-derived protein does not increase muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from running exercise in healthy, young males and females"

INTRODUCTION: It has been well-established that milk protein ingestion following resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis. Recently, we have shown that also mealworm–derived protein ingestion further increases muscle protein synthesis rates following a single bout of resistance-type exercise. Less work has been performed on the proposed efficacy of protein ingestion to augment muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from endurance-type exercise. Here, we assessed the impact of ingesting mealworm-derived protein on muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from a single bout of running exercise in healthy, young males and females. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over intervention trial with a 4±2 week washout between treatments, 10 males and 10 females (Age 23±3 y, BMI 23.3±2.4 kg/m2, VO2max 49±7 mL/kg) ingested a drink with either 0.38 g protein/kg body mass (22-35 g) lesser mealworm-derived protein (69% protein concentrate; MDP) or flavoured water (placebo; PLA) following a 40-minute treadmill run at 85±6% of maximal heart rate. Primed, continuous intravenous L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusions were combined with frequent collection of blood and muscle tissue samples to assess 0-3, 3-6, and 0-6 h post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates. The main outcome, 0-6 h post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rate, was analyzed with a paired t-test. Time-dependent variables were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with time and treatment (MDP vs PLA) as within-subjects factors, an α-level of 0.05, and appropriate post-hoc testing in case of significant interactions. Data represent means±SD; η2p and cohen’s d are reported for effect size. RESULTS: Ingestion of MDP strongly increased plasma total amino acid and leucine concentrations (both Time: P<0.001), with peak values being reached 30 minutes after ingestion after which they returned back to baseline, while no changes in plasma amino acid concentrations were observed in the PLA treatment (both: Time*Treatment: P<0.001; η2p=0.9). Muscle protein synthesis rates averaged 0.054±0.023 vs 0.055±0.025 %/h during the 0-3 h post-exercise recovery period, and 0.044±0.020 vs 0.049±0.018 during the 3-6 h post-exercise recovery period with MDP vs PLA, respectively, with no differences between treatments (Time*Treatment: P=0.52; η2p<0.1; Time: P=0.16; η2p=0.1; Treatment: P=0.44; η2p<0.1). Overall, muscle protein synthesis rates averaged 0.050±0.016 vs 0.052±0.017 %/h during the entire 6 h post-exercise recovery period with MDP vs PLA, respectively, with no difference between treatments (P=0.46; d=0.2). CONCLUSION: Ingestion of 0.38 g protein/kg body mass of a mealworm-derived protein does not increase muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from a single bout of running exercise in healthy, young males and females. This collaboration project was funded through the PPP Allowance made available by Health-Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, to stimulate public-private partnerships.

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ECSS Paris 2023: CP-PN01

Speaker B Glenn van Lieshout

Speaker B

Glenn van Lieshout
Maastricht University, Human Biology
Netherlands
"Milk protein glycation does not compromise the post-prandial muscle protein synthetic response during recovery from resistance exercise in men"

INTRODUCTION: Industrial processing and storage of milk products can strongly increase protein glycation level. Previously, we have reported that a high protein glycation level compromises protein digestion, resulting in an attenuated post-prandial rise in circulating plasma lysine concentrations. The compromised post-prandial lysine availability may restrict the anabolic properties of such a highly glycated protein. The present study assessed the impact of the level of milk protein glycation on post-prandial plasma amino acid availability and subsequent muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from a single bout of exercise. METHODS: 45 recreationally active, healthy young men participated in this randomized parallel study. Immediately after performing a single bout of whole-body resistance-type exercise, subjects ingested either 20 g milk protein with a low (4%; LOW) or high (47%; HIGH) glycation level plus 2 g free leucine, or a non-caloric placebo (PLA). Continuous intravenous infusions of L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine were applied, with blood and muscle tissue samples being collected during a 6 h post-prandial period to evaluate plasma amino acid concentrations and post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Incremental area under the curve and peak concentration for plasma amino acid concentrations and muscle protein synthesis rates were compared between treatments using a one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction. Plasma amino acid concentrations were compared between treatments by two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA with time as within-subject factor and treatment as between-subject factor. RESULTS: Protein ingestion increased plasma total and essential amino acid concentrations compared to placebo (time*treatment effect: P<0.001), with no significant differences between the milk protein with the low or high glycation level. Post-prandial plasma lysine concentrations were higher following protein ingestion (time*treatment effect: P<0.001), with on average 28% lower peak lysine concentrations following ingestion of the protein with the high versus low glycation level (191±23 vs 266±47 mmol·L-1, respectively, P<0.001). Post-prandial plasma lysine availability, assessed over the full 6 h period, was substantially lower following ingestion of the protein with the high versus low glycation level (-5±7 vs 10±9 mmol·L-1·6 h-1, respectively, P<0.001). Post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates did not differ between treatments (0.059±0.016, 0.061±0.012, and 0.061±0.018 %·h-1, in LOW, HIGH and PLA, respectively, P=0.939). CONCLUSION: Ingestion of a protein with a higher glycation level compromises the post-prandial increase in plasma lysine availability. Milk protein glycation does not seem to modulate the post-prandial muscle protein synthetic response during recovery from resistance exercise in healthy men.

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ECSS Paris 2023: CP-PN01

Speaker C I Wayan Yuuki

Speaker C

I Wayan Yuuki
Ritsumeikan University, Faculty of Sport and Health Science. 1), Department of Biomedical Engineering. 2), Faculty of Sport Sciences. 3)
Japan
"Four weeks of medium-chain triglycerides intake with/without moderate-intensity aerobic exercise advances working memory improvement in healthy young men"

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive function can be improved by the antioxidative effects of some oil consumption habits (1-3). Among them, compared to regular long-chain triglycerides (LCT; e.g., olive oil) consumption, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT; e.g., coconut oil) are quickly absorbed and promote the production of ketone bodies which are an important energy substrate for the brain (4). Indeed, the positive MCT impact on cognitive function has been observed in various populations (1,5). Along with the aforementioned advantages, it is possible that the positive MCT impact on cognitive function is greater than the LCT impact but there is a lack of research directly comparing the long-term effects of LCT and MCT on cognitive function in healthy young individuals. Meanwhile, it is well known that long-term aerobic exercise (AE) improves cognitive function (6). Given the additive effect of AE to dietary intervention on cognitive improvement (7), it is assumed that compared with MCT alone, a combination of MCT and AE (MCT-AE) further improves cognitive function. Here, we compared the long-term effect of LCT, MCT, and MCT-AE on working memory (WM) which is one of the major cognitive functions. METHODS: Thirty healthy young men were randomly allocated into the LCT [n = 10, age 21 ± 1], MCT [n = 10, age 21 ± 1], and MCT-AE [n = 10, age 21 ± 1] groups. All participants took the 16.3 ml oil (LCT: Olive oil; MCT and MCT-AE: MCT oil, containing 12 g MCT) every morning for four weeks in a single-blind manner. During four weeks of oil intervention, participants in the MCT-AE group performed moderate-intensity cycling AE (30 min/time, 3 times/week). Exercise intensity was determined using heart rate reserve (HRR), and moderate intensity at the onset of AE was defined at 50%HRR (but the workload was decreased if HR during AE exceeded 70%HRR due to cardiac drift). WM was assessed before and after the intervention using the face n-back task. The number of errors (ERR) and reaction time (RT) of the face n-back task were measured. The changes in ERR and RT from pre- to post-intervention were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for post-hoc. The statistical significance level was defined at P < 0.050 and the Bonferroni correction was applied for post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: The changes in ERR were similar between all groups (P > 0.050). Compared with the LCT group (22 [-5 – 42] ms; median [IQR]), the changes in RT were shorter in the MCT-AE group (-63 [-91 – -31] ms, P = 0.044) and MCT group (-29 [-50 – -6] ms; P = 0.035). However, regarding the changes in RT, there were no significant differences between the MCT-AE and MCT groups (P = 0.371). CONCLUSION: Compared with LCT intervention, four weeks of MCT advances WM improvement in healthy young individuals. On the other hand, AE during MCT intervention did not cause further WM improvement. 1) Ashton et al. 2021 2) Espina et al. 2023 3) Fazlollahi et al. 2023 4) Page et al. 2009 5) Juby et al. 2022 6) Kelly et al. 2014 7) Blumenthal et al. 2019

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ECSS Paris 2023: CP-PN01