ECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH34
INTRODUCTION: Carbohydrate availability (e.g., muscle and/or liver glycogen) in the human body might play a role in regulating subsequent energy intake. Compared to fed-state exercise, fasted exercise may significantly reduce endogenous glycogen stores, and it may potentially affect appetite and macronutrient choices. Up-to-date, most studies have only used a single ad libitum lunch to assess eating behaviour, and it is still unclear whether food preferences, choices, and dietary behavior in free-living may be affected. METHODS: Twenty-four (12 females) healthy and physically active participants (age: 24 ± 4 yr; BMI: 21.3 ± 1.7 kg/m²; V̇O2max: 47 ± 6 ml/kg/min) were recruited, and performed a 60-minute running exercise at 60% V̇O2max in a randomized, counterbalanced order either after an overnight fasting (Fasted-Ex) or consuming breakfast (5.8 kcal/kg, Fed-Ex). Subjective appetite sensation (i.e., hunger, fullness, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) was regularly measured during trials (baseline, 30, 60, 120, 150 and 180 min), and food preference (i.e., fat and taste’s explicit liking, explicit wanting, implicit wanting, and relative preference) was assessed at baseline and 180 min using computerized visual test (i.e., Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire). Free-living eating behavior (total energy intake and macronutrient consumption) was recorded using a weighed food diary for the remainder of the day. RESULTS: No difference was observed for exercise intensity between Fasted-Ex and Fed-Ex (60 ± 2% vs. 61 ± 3% V̇O2max, p = 0.058). Compared to Fed-Ex, fat oxidation was higher during Fasted-Ex (27 ± 6 vs. 19 ± 5 g, p < 0.001), and carbohydrate oxidation was lower (62 ± 22 vs. 85 ± 26 g, p < 0.001). Subjective appetite (∆tAUC0-180: Fasted-Ex minus Fed-Ex) was greater in Fasted-Ex than in Fed-Ex (hunger: 2156, p = 0.002; fullness: -1791, p < 0.001; prospective food consumption: 1925, p < 0.001; desire to eat: 2242, p < 0.001). There were no differences in food preferences immediately after exercise or dietary behaviors (first meal and total intake) in the free-living conditions. Moreover, total daily energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake were lower in Fasted-Ex (1697 ± 685 kcal; 215 ± 100 g; 70 ± 27 g) compared to Fed-Ex (2340 ± 664 kcal; 293 ± 95 g; 100 ± 36 g, all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: While fasted-exercise increases subjective appetite, it does not acutely alter food preferences or eating behavior in free-living conditions in physically active adults. Total energy intake remains lower over a 24-hour period in the Fasted-Ex due to breakfast omission.
Read CV Yao-Hua YangECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH34
INTRODUCTION: Current official recommendations and substantive evidence supports the maintenance of an active lifestyle during pregnancy and postpartum, which is a multigenerational public health issue. Despite strong health benefits for both mother and fetus, most women reduce exercise frequency and intensity during pregnancy and postpartum, and also many do not meet recommended activity levels. Scientific literature shows that pregnant women perceive a lack of information on safe exercise as a key barrier, while support from healthcare and exercise professionals as a facilitator. Women’s health literacy is crucial for better healthcare behavior, empowerment, and self-management. Thus, creating multilingual resources that incorporate womens perspectives is essential. The objective is to present the Active Pregnancy Guide (1) and analyze health care and exercise professionals’ perceptions about its use in the promotion of physical activity during pregnancy. METHODS: The guide was first built in the Portuguese and English languages involving multidisciplinary experts and including the perspectives and experiences of women. In the second stage, it was translated to other European Languages. All versions of the Active Pregnancy Guide are made available for free download on the ResearchGate platform and other social media. During the NEPPE training, 77 participants including health care and exercise professionals were asked to rate the usefulness of the educational materials from 1 litte useful to 5 very useful. RESULTS: The guide is an example of practical guidelines that highlight the importance of involving the perspectives and experiences of women in the promotion of a healthy life and safe training during pregnancy and postpartum. The accessibility to these guidelines makes it necessary that they be shown as a multilanguage resource to be available independently of women’s country or region. It consists of ten chapters: the first four cover benefits, recommendations, health screening, and exercise assessment; the next three focus on exercise prescription and safety; the last three address reducing sedentary behavior, promoting healthy diet and sleep patterns. A link to YouTube channel offers free Workshops, Webinars, Workouts, and Wikipicks. All versions are available for free download on the RearchGate. Participants from the NEPPE training rated the usefulness of the educational materials provided by the guide with an average of 4.7 points, as well as the global satisfaction with the training with an average of 4.5 points. CONCLUSION: The use of educational resources may address some physical activity and exercise barriers, promote health education, and deliver effective and scalable interventions. The use of the guide is very well rated by health care and exercise professionals. The integration of the guidelines contents in an App with videos and remote monitoring allow to guide pregnant women during exercise providing a cost-effective solution to increase physical activity.
Read CV Miguel Angel Oviedo-CaroECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH34
INTRODUCTION: The force-generating capacity of the foot is closely related to human physical performance. During the take-off phase of a jump, the heel lifts off the ground, and the forefoot supports the body while transmitting forces from the upper and lower limbs (Yamauchi & Koyama, 2022). Just before take-off, ground reaction forces increase, and toe flexor strength is associated with jump performance (Yamauchi & Koyama, 2020). This suggests that strengthening foot muscles may contribute to improved jumping ability. While cross-sectional studies have examined the relationship between toe flexor strength and jump performance, the causal link remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of an 8-week exercise program on toe flexor strength and jump performance and explored the relationship between their changes. METHODS: Healthy adults aged 20–50 years were measured foot length, arch height, toe flexor strength, vertical jump height, and standing long jump distance. Subjects were assigned to either a training group (TR) or a control group (CON), ensuring no significant differences in age, height, body weight or any measurement values. The TR performed a multicomponent exercise training (Koyama & Yamauchi, 2023) twice weekly for 60 minutes over 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted once every two weeks, for a total of four times. Foot length, arch height and toe flexor strength in sitting and standing positions were assessed using a ruler and a dynamometer, respectively. Arch height and toe flexor strength were normalized to foot length and body weight, respectively. Vertical jump height was evaluated using both countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) tests. Standing long jump distance was measured using a tape measure. All measurement variables were analyzed relative to baseline values recorded at week 0. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA [time (four po RESULTS: In the TR, toe flexor strength in the sitting position increased every two weeks until week 8, and in the standing position, it increased except between weeks 6 and 8. At all measurement points, both were significantly higher than in the CON. Arch height variables showed no significant changes or group differences. CMJ, SJ height, and standing long jump performance significantly improved in the TR throughout the training period. However, no significant differences were observed between the TR and CON for any jump performance variables at any measurement week. The improvement rate of toe flexor strength showed no significant correlation with the improvement rate of CMJ or SJ but had weak correlations with the improvement rate of the standing long jump at week 4 (p = 0.091) and week 8 (p = 0.099). CONCLUSION: A toe flexor strengthening exercise training program enhanced force generation capacity of the foot and jump performance, potentially benefiting forward-directed jumps.
Read CV Keiji KoyamaECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH34