ECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH26
INTRODUCTION: The 30-second chair stand test (CS-30) has been reported to be useful for evaluating lower limb muscle strength and sarcopenia in older people [1,2], and we also reported at ECSS 2024, that the CS-30 score is associated with gait speed. We also have previously reported that 12 weeks of bodyweight-based resistance training improves muscle mass, muscle strength, and locomotive function [3, 4]. In this study, we aimed to verify the effect of resistance training on improving the CS-30 score and to clarify the relationship with changes in other factors. METHODS: Fifty-two community-dwelling Japanese people aged ≥60 years (72.0±5.4 years) were divided into a training (TR) group and a control (CTR) group. The TR group participated in a 12-week exercise class that included resistance training once per week and were instructed to perform the same training at home once per week. In contrast, the CTR group were instructed to maintain their daily activities. Physical fitness measurements were performed before and after the 12-week intervention period, including the CS-30, maximum gait speed, isometric knee extension strength, and body composition assessment using the InBody 770. The body composition assessment focused on lower limb muscle mass and phase angle (PhA). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine training effects and for multiple regression analysis, the rate of change in the CS-30 was used as the objective variable, and the rates of change in gait speed, isometric knee extension strength, lower limb muscle mass, and lower limb PhA were used as explanatory variables. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA revealed that time was a significant main effect for CS-30 (p<0.001), but there was no significant main effect between groups (p=0.44) or interaction (p=0.80), and the TR and CTR groups improved. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the rate of change in isometric knee extension strength, corrected for lower limb PhA, was the only significant explanatory variable in the CTR group (β=0.50, p<0.01), with a statistically significant regression (adjusted R-squared=0.22, p<0.01). There was no statistically significant regression in the TR group. CONCLUSION: CS-30 improved significantly in the TR and CTR groups before and after the 12-week intervention; however, the related factors are thought to be different. This suggests that improvement in the CTR group was influenced by an improvement in maximum muscle strength in isometric knee extension. Moreover, since no variables showed a significant association in the TR group, it is possible that the improvement in CS-30 due to resistance training using body weight involves changes in factors other than maximum muscle strength in isometric knee extension, muscle mass, and locomotive function. References: 1. Jones CJ, et al. Res Q Exerc Sport, 1999. 70(2): 113-119. 2. Sawada S, et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2021. 22(1): 639. 3. Ozaki H, et al. J Sports Sci Med, 2020. 19(4): 721-726. 4. Sawada S, et al. BMC Geriatr, 2021. 21(1): 464.
Read CV Shuji SawadaECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH26
INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is undoubtedly one of the most defining aspects of aging, significantly affecting both health and quality of life. This condition is marked by a progressive decline in muscle mass and strength, which negatively impacts physical performance. Promoting healthy aging requires a focus on maintaining muscle mass and strength, with regular exercise being a effective prescription for improving physical function. It has shown that multicomponent exercise programs yield superior outcomes compared to concurrent exercise programs in older adults, enhancing various physical fitness measures [1]. To comprehensively address sarcopenia, it is crucial to incorporate a combination of aerobic, resistance, and balance training. In this context, we have developed a multicomponent exercise program that uniquely integrates TRX suspension exercises as a resistance training component. We hypothesize that a 12-week multicomponent exercise program will not only enhance daily physical performance but also improve appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) and grip strength in older adults with sarcopenia. METHODS: This is a pilot study aimed at assessing the feasibility and initial effects of an exercise intervention on muscle quantity and quality. Twenty-one women (77.24 ± 9.53) were randomly assigned to two groups: the multicomponent exercise group (EG; n = 12) and the control group (CG; n = 9). Body composition and physical performance were evaluated before and after training using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer. Body composition was assessed via the Akern 101 bio-impedance analysis system. RESULTS: Univariate ANCOVA analyses, controlling for baseline measurements, consistently demonstrated that the exercise group outperformed the control group in SPPB (F = 4.688, p = 0.046, η² = 0.227), particularly in TUG performance (F = 7.410, p = 0.014, η² = 0.293) and walking speed (4-meter test) (F = 8.031, p = 0.011, η² = 0.321). Regarding sarcopenia indicators, including ASMMI and dominant grip strength, only grip strength showed a significant difference between the exercise and control groups after baseline adjustments (F = 6.863, p = 0.019, η² = 0.271). Notably, the control group experienced a decline in grip strength over time. The paired t-test revealed a significant increase in ASMMI in the exercise group, while the control group did not show any significant change. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this pilot study provides promising evidence for the efficacy of a 12-week multicomponent exercise program in improving both physical performance and sarcopenia-related outcomes in older adults. The incorporation of TRX exercises, proved to be an effective strategy and feasible with older adults. 1] F. Rodrigues, M. Jacinto, R. Antunes, D. Monteiro, D. Mendes, R. Matos and N. Amaro, "Comparing the Effects of Multicomponent and Concurrent Exercise Protocols on Muscle Strength in Older Adults," J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol,20
Read CV Shiva Ebrahimpour NosraniECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH26
INTRODUCTION: Background: The relationship between biomarkers of bone remodelling due to regular exercise is unknown, it cannot be predicted what type and volume of exercise are optimal for bone remodelling. We aimed to quantify the effects of regular training on bone remodelling biomarkers, particularly osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase in healthy adult populations. METHODS: Methods: This study (PROSPERO: CRD42023483811) explored the effects of regular training through a systematic review and meta-analysis and included only randomized controlled trials examining different types (endurance, power, mixed) and intensities, frequency and duration of training. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched on November 22, 2023. Risk-of-bias and quality assessment were performed by Cochrane RoB2 and GradePro. RESULTS: Results: 12,828 records were screened, and 22 studies with 1,126 participants were analysed. Endurance training showed no significant effect on osteocalcin level. High- and low-intensity endurance training also did not significantly affect osteocalcin. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) significantly increased osteocalcin levels (MD = 12.00; 95% CI: 8.40 to 15.50). Power training showed no significant change in osteocalcin level. Mixed training (endurance + power) did not significantly change osteocalcin level. Bone alkaline phosphatase showed no significant change following endurance training. Bone Mineral Density showed no significant changes following endurance and power training. Endurance training decreased body mass index, but the result was statistically not significant. The risk of bias for all outcomes was low. Grade assessment for osteocalcin in the HIIT group revealed moderate to low certainty. CONCLUSION: This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis that summarizes the results of the currently available randomized controlled trials, investigating the effects of regular training on bone biomarkers in healthy adults, specifically osteocalcin and bone-alkaline phosphatase. Our study demonstrates that only HIIT significantly impacts osteocalcin levels, whereas other exercise types such as high-intensity, low-intensity, power, and mixed training do not. After the analysis of the training effectiveness in different training frequency and duration we also found that, osteocalcin synthesis is not dependent on duration or frequency but rather intensity. Specifically, we observed significant changes in osteocalcin levels exclusively with high intensity interval training, regardless of whether the training was of short or long duration. Our analysis showed similar patterns in the effect of training on bone-alkaline phosphatase level. Our findings highlight that when the synergistic effect of high intensity, dynamical loading, and rest periods during training were simultaneously present, we observed significant changes in bone metabolism markers, and a strong positive trend in the improvement of body mass index and bone mineral density.
Read CV Viktoria BarnaECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH26