ECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH09
INTRODUCTION: Excessive visceral fat accumulation, which leads to lifestyle-related disease, causes the risk of cardiovascular disease. We have reported that approximately 40% of overweight Japanese male university athletes have a visceral fat area (VFA) ≥100 cm2, and the markers of liver function and lipid metabolism are higher than those of their peers with VFA < 100 cm2. In Japan, visceral fat obesity is defined as VFA ≥100 cm2, and the cut-off value for determining visceral fat obesity is 85 cm in waist circumference (WC) for ordinary men. However, it is unknown whether it is appropriate to use WC as a criterion for determining visceral fat obesity in daily training athletes. This study aimed to obtain cut-off values for determining visceral fat obesity in Japanese male University athletes. METHODS: The participants were 200 male university athletes. Body measurements were taken in the early morning after an overnight fast. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and body weight. The VFA and WC were measured using abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis (Panasonic, EW-FA90). Spearmans correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and VFA. Then, logistic regression analysis was performed with VFA ≥ 100 cm2 as the objective variable, and correlated anthropometric parameters as the explanatory variable. Furthermore, cut-off values were calculated using ROC curves. RESULTS: Aged 18-24 years, the participants had a median (interquartile range) height of 175.3 cm (170.7 - 179.2 cm), body weight of 69.4kg (62.9 – 77.8 kg), BMI of 22.5 kg/m2 (21.0 – 24.9 kg/m2), VFA 44.0 cm2 (29.0 - 65.0 cm2) and WC 78.9cm (75.0 – 84.7cm). Those with VFA ≥ 100 cm2 accounted for 11.5% (23/200) among participants, with physical characteristics of height 176.9 cm (171.7 – 181.7 cm), body weight 99.0kg (89.3 – 103.9 kg), BMI 31.1 kg/m2 (30.1 – 32.2 kg/m2), VFA 122.5 cm2 (103.5 – 142.0 cm2) and WC 98.4 cm (93.9 – 103.8 cm). Positive correlations were found between VFA and body weight (r = 0.851, p < 0.0001), BMI (r = 0.822, p < 0.0001), and WC (r = 0.937, p < 0.0001), among which WC had the strongest correlations. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for body weight was 0.81 (0.59 - 1.10、p = 0.172), BMI was 1.88 (0.89 - 3.97、p = 0.097), and WC was 2.02 (1.13 - 3.62、p < 0.05), indicating WC was the only parameter associated to visceral fat obesity. The area under the curve for WC 0.994 (0.987 - 1.00, p < 0.001) was the largest compared to body weight 0.977 (0.958 - 0.996、p < 0.001) and BMI 0.989 (0.978 - 1.00、p < 0.001). The cut-off values were body weight 82.7kg (sensitivity 95.7％, specificity 91.5％), BMI 26.4kg/m2 (95.7％, 93.8％), and WC 89.7cm (100％, 96.6％). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the cut-off value of WC for determining Japanese male university athletes with VFA ≥100 cm2 was 89.7 cm.
Read CV TANAKA-HASEGAWA TOMOMIECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH09
INTRODUCTION: Exercise intervention has been established as an effective method for promoting weight loss, physical fitness, and movement quality in obese adolescents. Evidence suggested that combining aerobic training with traditional resistance training (AT-TST) represents one of the effective methods for improving body composition and physical fitness in obese adolescents [1]. Compared to TST, functional strength training (FST) is characterized by its multi-joint, multi-plane, comprehensive approach, involving all muscles across all joints in the chain of functional movement actions, potentially resulting in greater energy expenditure. However, the effects of AT-FST on body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality in obese adolescents are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of 12 weeks of AT-FST versus AT-TST on the body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality of obese adolescents. METHODS: Forty participants were randomized into AT-FST group (n=20, age=13.3±1.5 yr, BMI=30.6±4.5 kg/m2) and AT-TST group (n=20, age=13.3±1.4 yr, BMI=30.4±3.4 kg/m2). Each group trained 5 times, 120 minutes/time per week. Prior to and following the 12-week intervention, body height and body mass were measured using a height and weight meter, body fat percentage was determined through a body composition tester, chest circumference (CC) and waist circumference (WC) were measured using a tape measure, flexibility was assessed using a sit-and-reach test, upper and lower body muscle strength were evaluated using grip strength tests and standing long jump, speed was assessed using a 50 m sprint test, and movement quality was assessed using the functional movement screen (FMS). RESULTS: Two-way repeated measures ANOVA observed significant interaction between time and group for body mass (F = 4.400, p = 0.043, η2p = 0.104), bodyfat percentage (F = 4.300, p=0.045, η2p = 0.102), BMI (F = 5.446, p = 0.025, η2p = 0.125), CC (F = 5.313, p = 0.027, η2p = 0.123), left-hand grip strength (F = 4.363, p = 0.043, η2p = 0.103), right-hand grip strength (F = 4.175, p = 0.048, η2p = 0.099), lower body muscle strength (F = 4.348, p = 0.044, η2p = 0.103), and total FMS score (F = 9.698, p = 0.003, η2p = 0.203), with the AT-FST group demonstrating greater improvements compared to the AT-TST group. No significant interactions between time and group were found in measurements of WC, flexibility, and speed. CONCLUSION: Compared to AT-TST, AT-FST can more effectively improved the body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality of obese adolescents. We recommend incorporating the AT-FST program as an effective exercise prescription to enhance physical health and movement quality in obese adolescents. References: 1.Alberga et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness in adolescents with obesity: the HEARTY trial[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2016, 41(3): 255-65.
Read CV Zhihai WangECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH09
INTRODUCTION: This longitudinal study aims to investigate the relationship between the physical activity patterns of children and the occurrence of childhood obesity through a tracking survey. METHODS: The physical activity levels of a total of 184 children, composed of 92 boys and 92 girls aged 8–10 years old, were determined using an Actigraph GT3X (Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometer twice over 3 years. Furthermore, body morphologies and physical characteristics of children, divided into the control group (group C, n=147) and the overweight/obese group (group O, n=37) according to their BMI measurement results, were evaluated.The Actigraph accelerometer was used in this study to measure the children’s daily physical activity with a sampling interval of 10s. Children wore the accelerometer for 7 consecutive days, including 5 school days (weekdays, WK) and 2 rest days (Weekend, WE). A valid sample was defined as including at least 2 valid WKs and 1 valid WE. Lastly, children’s physical activity intensity was classified into five different levels: sedentary behavior (SB), light physical intensity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and MVPA.The physical activity patterns of the participants were analyzed based on changes in the duration of physical activities of children with different body morphologies, changes in the duration of physical activities on WK, WE, IS, and OS over the 3 years, and changes in the frequency of activity with different MVPA durations. The Actilife software was used to pre-process the collected data. Furthermore, the children’s activity duration was divided into four groups: MVPA1 (M1: 1–3 mins), MVPA2 (M2: 3–5 mins), MVPA3 (M3: 5–10 mins), and MVPA4 (M4: >10 mins), according to the duration of continuous MVPA . RESULTS: The physical activity levels of the children declined significantly over the 3 years. Specifically, the observed decline was more pronounced in the overweight/obese children than in normal-weight children. Moreover, the decline was more pronounced on weekends (WE) than on school days (WK). Overall, we observed a decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of various durations (M1–M4, MVPA1:1-3mins, MVPA2:3-5mins, MVPA3:5-10mins, MVPA4:>10mins) in children, with more significant decreases during WE and in overweight/obese children. However, the proportion of children in the M1–M4 remained largely stable across groups. CONCLUSION: The physical activity levels of elementary school children exhibited a decreasing trend with age. Furthermore, the children demonstrated longer sedentary time and lowered physical activity levels on WE compared to WK. Consistent with these findings, the children’s MVPA of different durations exhibited a decrease with age. However, the proportion remained stable, suggesting a relatively stable pattern of physical activity. The discovery of pattern of physical activities may provide a new method to improve childrens physical activity levels by increasing the frequency of the children’s short-duration sporadic MVPAs.
Read CV HONG GUECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH09