ECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH03
INTRODUCTION: Elderly people (EP) pose a challenge for public policy worldwide due to their high disease burden. Chile is no exception, with its exponential population growth. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the pandemic of the 21st century and strongly affect EP who lose years of healthy life. EP in Chile have a prevalence of 73.3% of high blood pressure (HBP), while 30.6% have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and 33% have dyslipidemia. Multimorbidity in this population is a phenomenon that affects 76.4% of older women (ENS 2016-2017). For older women, it is very important to study these pathologies and how they can affect the performance of fall risk tests in a context such as long-stay institutions. METHODS: This study involved 90 elderly women who met the eligibility criteria. Fall risk tests were performed (dynamometry, arm flexion, one-leg balance test, timed up and go test [TUG], quadrant test, and sit-to-stand test in 30 seconds). The sample was grouped into EP without disease (WD), with HBP, with DM2+dyslipidaemia (DM-D) and with 2 or more NCDs (C+2). It was statistically analysed using JAMOVI software and the Kruskall-Wallis test with post-hoc analysis (DSCF pairwise comparisons) was used. RESULTS: Tests that assess the risk of falls in institutionalised people with NCDs behave differently depending on the number of diseases present. The median age of the different groups was: WD/81.5 years (n=16), HBP/88 years (n=35), C+2/87 years (n=22) and DM-D/86 years (n=17). The Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the groups in the hand dynamometry (HD) tests (p=0.035); relative dynamometry (HD-R) ( p=0.024); left single-leg stance test (SLST) (p=0.035); Z-score of functional tests (Z-FX) (p=0.007); quadrant test (T-C) (p=0.047). Post-hoc analyses using the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner test revealed significant differences between groups in the variables studied, for dynamometry between groups C+2/DM-D (p=0.032), relative dynamometry C+2/DM-D (p=0.022), TAUI C+2/DM-D (p=0.028), SP/DM-D quadrant test (p=0.039), and Z-FX C+2/DM-D (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that there are significant differences between the groups in the fall risk tests (HD, HD-R, TAUI, T-C and Z-FX), with the groups with the most frequent significant differences being C+2 and DM-D, reporting 4 out of 5 of the variables studied. It may be proposed to include all these assessments in a battery of tests that is applied longitudinally in the PM population, allowing for adequate monitoring of their health conditions.
Read CV Francisco QuinterosECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH03
INTRODUCTION: Muscle echo intensity (EI), measured using ultrasound imaging, is widely used as a noninvasive indicator of skeletal muscle quality [1,2]. Previous studies have reported inconsistent effects of resistance training on EI [3]. Because EI may reflect not only intramuscular composition but also water distribution within the muscle tissue, changes in EI following training may be influenced by fluid dynamics. In recent years, bodyweight-based resistance training (BWRT) in older adults has been reported to be effective in improving muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, with increases in muscle thickness assessed using ultrasonography also being documented [4,5]. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine whether changes in EI are associated with changes in fluid distribution indices assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) after a 6-week BWRT program in older adults. We hypothesized that if training-induced changes in EI are primarily driven by alterations in intramuscular fluid dynamics rather than structural muscle degeneration, changes in EI would be associated with changes in fluid distribution indices. METHODS: Twenty-eight community-dwelling Japanese older adults (mean age: 73.2 years; 9 men and 19 women) participated in this study. The BWRT program (1 supervised session and 1 home session/week) consisted of six exercises targeting the lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs, including split squats and squats, for 6 weeks. Muscle thickness and EI of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius were assessed using ultrasonography. EI was quantified from 8-bit grayscale images using the ImageJ software. Fluid distribution indices [extracellular water/intracellular water (ECW/ICW)] in the lower limbs were measured using BIA. The pre- and post-intervention changes were analyzed using paired t-tests. Associations between the changes in EI and fluid indices were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: No significant increase in muscle thickness of the anterior thigh was observed following training; however, the EI significantly increased in both muscles (p<0.001). The lower limb ECW/ICW also significantly increased after training (p=0.003), but changes in EI did not significantly correlate with changes in ECW/ICW in either the rectus femoris (r=-0.073) or vastus intermedius (r=0.261). CONCLUSION: The BWRT resulted in increases in both EI and extracellular fluid indices; however, these changes were not correlated. These findings suggest that changes in EI following short-term BWRT may occur independently of segmental fluid redistribution, as measured using BIA. References: 1. Oranchuk DJ, et al. J Sport Health Sci. 2024. 13(6):820-840. 2. Stock MS, et al. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021. 121(2):369-380. 3. Wong V, et al. J Ultrasound. 2020. 23(4):457-472. 4. Ozaki H, et al. J Sports Sci Med. 2020.19(4):721-726. 5. Sawada S, et al. BMC Geriatr. 2021.21(1):464.
Read CV Erabu KawakamiECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH03
INTRODUCTION: Ageing is associated with neuromuscular and functional deficits that impair functional mobility and increase fall risk. Exercise is the main non-pharmacological strategy that can attenuate these age-related declines. Multicomponent and power training have been shown to effectively improve functional fitness. Nonetheless, evidence remains inconsistent regarding how community-dwelling older adults respond to training and detraining of these exercise modalities. Hence, this study aimed to analyse the effects of 10 weeks of multicomponent and power training, and a 2-week detraining period, on physical fitness and functional mobility in older adults. METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults were allocated to multicomponent (MTG) or power training (PTG) groups. Both interventions lasted 10 weeks (3 sessions/week), followed by 2 weeks of detraining. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention and after detraining. Functional mobility, neuromuscular performance and anthropometry were evaluated. Linear mixed-effects models were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: Thirty-three participants (78.8% women; 79.35±1.41 years) were analysed (MTG:n=15; PTG:n=18), with no baseline differences. No significant training-induced changes were observed in peak isometric strength of the hip abductors (HAbd), knee extensors and handgrip. Physical fitness and functional mobility improved, with increased gait speed (0.62±1.81 – 0.75±2.94 m/s, baseline and post-intervention respectively, p<0.05) and reduced 5xSit-to-Stand time (baseline:15.83±5.43 – post-intervention:11.51±3.73 s, p<0.05), which remained significant after detraining (p≤0.01). In contrast, while timed Up-and-Go (TUG) (14.88±6.38–10.66±3.31 s, baseline and post-intervention respectively, p<0.05) and 30s Sit-to-Stand (11.77±5.91 – 14.94±7.34 reps, p<0.05) improved after training, these improvements were not maintained after detraining. In PTG, waist circumference (baseline:106.22±10.7 – post-intervention:100.71±8.97 cm) and waist-to-hip ratio (1.01±0.07 – 0.92±0.05, baseline and post-intervention, respectively) significantly decreased post-intervention but returned to baseline after detraining. MTG showed consistent functional improvements with partial retention. PTG demonstrated superior HAbd strength (6.82±3.75 – 9.64 ±4.56 Kg), smaller hip circumference after detraining (108.50±13.47 – 103.36±11.86 cm) and better TUG performance (11.72±4.54 – 9.11±3.72 s, baseline and post-interventio,n respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both training modalities improved functional fitness, with gait speed showing the greatest consistency over time. Multicomponent training produced immediate functional gains, whereas power training provided additional benefits in body composition and functional mobility, even after detraining. These findings further elucidate the benefits of different exercise modalities, as well as the implications of detraining periods among community-dwelling older adults.
Read CV Duarte Henriques-NetoECSS Paris 2023: CP-MH03