ECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP14
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine how feedback from the coach influences young football players´ experience of well-being, mastery, pleasure, satisfaction, development, joy, and motivation. METHODS: The study used an intervention with a crossover experimental approach, where 95 boys that participated in sports clubs and specialization in football classes, participated in the same organized training session with the same coach in every session – one without feedback and one with feedback from the coach, answering a questionnaire after each training session. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to examine differences between the training session without and the session with feedback among players at the two groups at each variable. RESULTS: Analyzing all players, the results showed that when feedback was given, it led to a significant increase in mastery, the experience of being seen by the coach, and motivation, compared to the same training session when they did not receive feedback. Furthermore, analyzing only players who participated in sports studies with a specialization in football, the results showed that giving feedback led to a significant increase in well-being, pleasure, satisfaction, and development. Finally, analyzing only players who participated in sports teams and did not specialize in football in sports programs, showed that when feedback was given, it led to a significant increase in the experience of development, the experience of being noticed by the coach, and motivation, compared to the same training session when they did not receive feedback. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that football coaches’ feedback has a positive outcome for several psychological factors of young players, and especially players that participate in football classes at school experience positive outcomes from coaches’ feedback. The findings of the study highlight the importance of football coaches’ feedback.
Read CV Pål Arild LagestadECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP14
INTRODUCTION: This study analyzes the systematic development of physical abilities in Austrian youth football. It highlights the use of training methods and resources as well as the challenges that influence the transition from youth to professional levels. The results provide valuable insights into the prioritization of conditional abilities and identify technical and organizational barriers that could hinder the development of future national players. METHODS: Through a quantitative survey conducted among all 15 sports science heads responsible for the Austrian football academies certified by the Austrian Football Association (as of February 2024), both the significance and the organizational aspects of implementing strength, speed, and endurance training in training operations were queried. A total of 60% of all distributed questionnaires were included in the actual analysis (9 out of 15 sports science directors). The same survey was also sent to the heads of sports science at the newly established youth performance centers (NLZ) for the 2023/24 season. However, due to the low response rate (22.2%), they were excluded from further analyses due to the lack of representativeness. RESULTS: The results showed, among other things, a very high or high acceptance and prioritization of strength and speed training in the weekly training operations, but less priority was given to inclusive endurance training. An negative opinion of the sports science directors was detected regarding the permeability between youth and professional levels. The greatest performance differentiating factor between academy players and players from the professional level was identified as technical and tactical skills, which could also explain the below-average permeability in the clubs. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study highlight the strengths of the Austrian academy system in physical preparation, but also reveal weaknesses that could hinder the development of future national players. To enhance the permeability and quality of youth training, the following measures should be prioritized: 1. Optimization of training scheduling: Coordination of morning strength training and football training on the same day 2. Promotion of running technique: Early and structured integration of running technique sessions for ages 10–14. 3. Focus on aerobic endurance: Increased integration of aerobic training session 4. Systematics integration of youth and professional divisions 5. Personnel and infrastructure resources: Strengthening scientific and medical departments through targeted investments
Read CV Anton MaderbacherECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP14
INTRODUCTION: Various athlete development programs have been announced for the coaching of junior athletes, and their importance has been highlighted by being implemented in many countries and competitions. In speed skating, the strong countries of the Netherlands and Canada have established their own athlete development programs (1) (2), which indicate training hours and goals according to the age of the athletes. Development programs for speed skating have also been proposed in Japan, but it is unclear what kind of coaching coaches actually provide. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the actual situation of coaching junior speed skaters in Japan and to help improve Japans competitive performance. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting coaches involved in speed skating teams for elementary, junior high, and high school students in each prefecture, asking about the purpose of coaching and the importance of on-ice training content. RESULTS: Comparisons between the three groups were made by dividing the instructors into the three counties of elementary school students, junior high school students, and high school students according to the target group of instruction. When looking at the goals of the three groups by subject of instruction, significant differences were found in items such as "enjoying skating" (p=0.016), "competing in international competitions" (p<0.001), and "self-development through skating" (p=0.002). Importance of ice training, the items that showed significant differences were “course positioning”（p=0.005）. CONCLUSION: Coaching objectives were generally consistent with the indicators of strong countries in all age groups. However, elementary school students tended to seek "winning the competition" more than junior high school students, indicating that the objectives of elementary school coaches need to be carefully monitored to avoid placing excessive emphasis on competition. Regarding the importance of ice training, a study on the track and speed of middle and long distance events in international competitions reported that the track position increases the skating distance and also affects the record (3). This is thought to be the result of strategic skating instruction being given to high school students who are becoming increasingly specialized. Given the above, in order to improve Japans competitiveness, it is necessary to provide clear indicators for coaching methods and seek a common understanding of future directions. References: （1）De Koninklijke Nederlandsche Schaatsenrijders Bond，MEER JAREN OPLEIDINGS PLAN．2015 （2）SPEED SKATING CANADA，RACING ON SKATES．2022 （3）Toshiharu Yokozawa,et al,.（2018） Analysis of skaters’ trajectory and velocity at distance events in a speed skating international competition．Sports Science in Elite Athlete Support，3：27-38．
Read CV Eriko ISHINOECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP14