ECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP09
INTRODUCTION: This paper will delve into the state of short sprint techniques and research throughout the past 30 years whilst discussing the popular topics, looking into the techniques developed by different countries on a global scale, to achieve the goal of finding the most efficient and effective methods of analyzing, training, coaching and developing future and existing track and field athletes. METHODS: Journals recorded in SCI-E, SSCI that relate to track and field sprint research will be checked through targeting keywords such as “Sprint”, “Sprinting”, “Sprinters” etc. Journals will then be analyzed, screened and read to retrieve the relevant literature whilst eliminating irrelevant literature. Bibliometric analysis method will be used to analyze the articles, this is done by using Cite Space visualization software to analyze literature within the articles as well as conducting mathematical statistical analyzation on data involved such as publication volumes; Presenting the author’s collaborative relationships, keyword co-occurrence; Analyze and process publications according to nation publication volumes and author publication volume. RESULTS: The field of short sprint for track and field in foreign counties show that the development of short sprint in track and field has gone through 3 major stages in the past 30 years, the dull period (1993-2004), the slow upward period (2005-2011), and the fluctuation period (2012-2022). Research in the Field of Sprinting according to Countries. The top 3 countries which have the most advanced research are, The United Kingdom, 16.96% of the total publication volume, Australia, 16.40% of the total publication volume, The United States, 14.34% of the total publication. Keywords in Relation to the Field of Sprinting Research Publications. Most frequent track and field research publication keywords are performance (421 times), exercise training (302 times), strength (271 times), and explosive power (252 times). Overview of Analysis Result. Research topics in track and field sprint events in foreign countries mainly focus on four aspects: sprint performance, sprint training monitoring, sprint training, and sprint injuries. CONCLUSION: In the past 30 years, the entire transformation process of sprint projects from being underdeveloped into becoming increasingly valued by researchers has proven that sprint projects are one of the representative projects in todays track and field sports. The main research achievements are concentrated in Europe and America, especially in sports developed countries. These achievements also provide certain theoretical support and guarantee for other countries and disciplines, contributing to many new theories developed through interdisciplinary integration. Foreign sprint research mainly revolves around four aspects, how many novel viewpoints have been proposed in the sports training and sports injury sections, providing new ideas for scholars in the concept of track and field sports and new methods for training.
Read CV YaLin WuECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP09
INTRODUCTION: The metric of hypoxic dose recently became a highly discussed question in the scientific literature [1,2]. Certain questions arise, including whether should we calculate external or interna METHODS: Ten athletes 4 male athletes (184±1.5 cm, 80.5±2.3 kg, BMI 21.8±0.5 kg/m2, VO2max 64.5±1.1 ml/kg*min, 27±1.1 years ) and 8 female athletes (169±2.0 cm, 58.9±2.3 kg, body mass index 17,7±0.6 kg/m2, 53.6±1.0 ml/kg*min, 25±1.2 years) participated in the study. Pre- and post the hypoxic exposure, each subject underwent body mass composition analysis (InBody), determination of total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) using optimised CO-rebreathing method (Bloodtec spirometer, ABL80 FLEX CO-OX analyser), and hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin (Fe) concentrations (from capillary blood, BTS-350). Over a 21-day period each subject participated in the “Live high – train low and high” hypoxic program. Hypoxic dosing was calculated using to formulas: h = km*h (F1) and h = (98/s - 1)*h*100% (F2). Mean and standard deviation analyses were used to rate sample characteristics. Students t-test were used to establish differences between the two variables. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used as a nonparametric measure of statistical dependence between two variables, with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Mean values of tHb-mass before hypoxic exposure were 795±219 g. The mean hypoxic dose using the F1 formula was 473±2.6 km*h and using the F2 calculation was 910±244%. After hypoxic exposure mean values of tHb-mass were 834±229 g. Change in tHb-mass were 39±2,6 g (p < 0.01). There was a correlation between the increase in tHb-mass and hypoxic dose calculation using the F2 approach. CONCLUSION: Physiological response to hypoxia varies from subject to subject, and arterial oxygen saturation seems to be more accurate in predicting individual response to the hypoxic-induced haematological response. References 1.Garvican-Lewis LA, Sharpe K, Gore CJ..Viewpoint: Time for a new metric for hypoxic dose?. J Appl Physiol 2. Millet GP, Brocherie F, Girard O, Wehrlin JP, Troesch S, Hauser A, Steiner T, Peltonen JE, Rusko HK, Constantini K, Fulton TJ, Hursh DG, Noble TJ, Paris HL,Wiggins CC, Chapman RF, Levine BD, Kumar VH, Schmidt WF.
Read CV Irina Zelenkova (Narycheva)ECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP09
INTRODUCTION: The contribution of aerobic energy supply during middle distance race is estimated more than 50% for 800 m and 70% for 1500m (Hill, 1998). However, physiological determinants related to aerobic and anaerobic capacities has not been clarified compared to long distance running (Brandon, 1995). Theoretically and practically to enhance performance of middle-distance running, it would be important to increase in aerobic energy supply during the race to save anaerobic capacity until the final stage of the race. Jones et al. (2008) showed the possibility of saving oxygen deficit in the first stage by rapid rise of oxygen uptake. The purpose was to examine rapid rise of oxygen uptake kinetics in early stage of supra maximal running and to propose the index of the evaluation of oxygen uptake kinetics for middle-distance runner. METHODS: 15 male middle-distance runners are recruited as a subject for the study. They had two set of treadmill tests to estimate vVO2max and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) in July and November. At first VO2max for each subject was measured on a treadmill by means of all-out running test for about 4~5 min after 5 successive sets of incremental sub-maximal 3 min run about 14 to 18 km/h. MAOD test was conducted on a treadmill setting at 110 - 120 % of vVO2max until voluntary exhausted. Oxygen uptake was measured by bless-by-bless before 2 min start of running until all out. Time constant τ (VO2τ) and peak of VO2 were estimated to be fit exponential regression model. VO2A was calculated VO2peak divided by VO2τ. RESULTS: The average (SD) of 800 m and 1500 m velocities for the subjects were 24.6 (1.0) km/h and 21.8 (0.8) km/h in July and 24.6 (1.0) km/h and 22.4 (0.5) km/h in Nov, respectively. The average (SD) of VO2peak, VO2τ, and VO2A for the subjects were 60.6 (4.2) ml/kg/min, 16.7 (2.1) sec, 3.88 (0.45) ml/kg/min/sec in July and 61.6 (3.5) ml/kg/min, 16.8 (3.0) sec, 3.85 (0.70) ml/kg/min/sec in Nov. VO2τ and VO2A of the subjects were positive and negative correlated to their MAOD in July (r=0.75, p<0.01 and r=-0.83, p<0.01) and Nov (r=0.58, p<0.01 and r=-0.66, p<0.01). There are no significant relationships between the velocities of 800 m and 1500 m and VO2A. But we can find a tendency between changes in these velocities and change in VO2A (r=0.50 for 800 m and r=0.57 for 1500 m) from July to Nov. CONCLUSION: VO2τ is an index of oxygen uptake kinetics but influenced by VO2peak. The results showed that VO2A can evaluate not only for rapid rise of oxygen uptake but also for peak of oxygen uptake. There is negative relationship between change in VO2A and change in MAOD, which suggests that VO2A may be more appropriate index of aerobic ability for middle distance runner against anaerobic capacity evaluated by MAOD. It could be also shown that rapid rise of oxygen uptake kinetics is one of important aerobic capacity for middle distance runner.
Read CV Enomoto YasushiECSS Paris 2023: CP-AP09